Psychopharmacological agents.

Psychopharmacological agents

1. Psychopharmacological agents Prepared by, Ms. KOTE R. B. Lecturer PRES’s Institute of Pharmacy Loni .

2. Psyche Psyche means mind Perception of external stimuli Analysis of the received information and deciding reaction pattern Actual behavioural response Psychotics- are pharmacological which induce psychosis E.g. Morphine, Nicotine, Cannabis, Alcohol

3. Symptoms Mental functions are sufficiently impaired to meet normal demands of life Distortion of thought perception hallucination delusion Personality disorganized Suffers from inferiority complex Exhibit purposeless and repeated behavior Suspicious about everyone around him

4. Psychopharmacological agents Anti Psychotics agents These are used in treatment of Psychological disorders Psychopharmacological agents are used to modify Behavioural pattern of mentally ill patient suffering of Psychic disorders

5. Antipsychotics Agents used to improve behavioural pattern of mentally ill patients suffering from Schizophrenia or mania Also called as Pscycholeptics or Neuroleptics /Major tranquilizers Exact cause is not known but it is found that it may be occurring due to increase in secretion of Brain catecholamine like dopamine, adrenaline, nor adrenaline.

6. Classification of Anti Psychotics agents Anti Psychotics agents Antipsychotic/Major Tranquilizer Antianxiety /Minor tranquilizer Antidepressants/ Mood elevator

7. Classification Sr.No Class Examples 1 Antipsychotic (Major Tranquilisers ) Psycholeptics Phenothiazine - Chlorpromazine , Rauwolfia Alkaloids - Reserpine 2 Antianxiety (Minor tranquilisers ) Psychoanaleptics Benzodiazepine – Diazepam , Oxazepam 3 Antidepressants (Mood elevators) Tricyclic Antidepressant- Imipramine , MAO inhibitors – Tranyl Cypromine

8. Phenothiazine - Chlorpromazine It is first Antipsychotic used in management of Schizophrenia. Pharmacological Action- When administered externally reduces aggressiveness by inducing tranquillizing effect – calming effect. It reduces emotional outburst & causes psychomotor slowing In schizophrenics it induces interest in surroundings When given chlorpromazine person starts taking interest in food

9. In therapeutic doses posses atropine like activity i.e. causes dryness of mouth & intense thirst It posses anti-histaminic property. It acts on CTZ & prevent nausea & vomiting. In females induces Pseudo-pregnancy In males produces gynaecomastia. It promotes lactation & weight gain. long term use of chlorpromazine may cause Jaundice, blood dyscrasia, skin rash photosensitivity

10. Preparation Rauwolfia Derivative- It slow down motor activity when administered in psychic patients. It produces tranquilizing, relaxing effect. Produces extrapyromidal side effect Preparation Reserpine - Serpasil - 0.75-1.5 mg oral Drug Brand Name Dose Chlorpromazine Largactil 200-800 mg oral Triflupromazine Siquil 50- 500 mg daily Prochlorperazine Stemetil 75-100 mg

11. Antianxiety /Anxiolytics   These agents when administered to maniac individuals, relieve tension and fear, remove nervousness and produce a sense of well-being. It is believed that these agents that facilitate the effect of GABA receptor activation in the central nervous system .   Preparation- Diazepam – Valium – 5-10mg Oxazepam – Serepax – 10mg

12. Antidepressants Also known as psycho analeptics or mood elevators Tri-cyclic anti depressant block re-uptake of nor epinephrine & thereby increases availability of the neurotransmitter near the receptor. Preparation- Imipramine – Tofranil – 50-100 mg oral Tranylcypromine – Parnate - 20 mg/ day oral