Psychotherapy for special populations

Psychotherapy for special populations

1. Psychotherapies for Special Populations by Muhammad Musawar Ali MPHIL, ICAP [email protected] 1

2. The Learning Disabilities Association of America defines Learning Disability as a neurological condition that interferes with an individual’s ability to store, process, or produce information . Introduction 2

3. Historical View 1978… Refers to special populations as groups defined in terms of demographic variables: age, gender, and race. The groups discussed in that report were young people, women, the elderly, American Indians, Spanish-speaking persons, and blacks. These groupings were seen as very different from those described in the 1940s, when the focus was on grouping by differences in social class and psychiatric symptoms. Special populations first began to be identified in the mid 1960s . 3

4. Firstly describe that special population are those peoples have psychiatric symptoms. But with the passage of time psychiatric symptoms removed from special population category.. Different clinicians specific areas for special population. Cont…. 4

5. Firstly…AD Secondly…. LD Thirdly…VD Fourth…MD Cont….. 5

6. Special Populations 6

7. Learners with motor impairments Motor Disability 7

8. Description : The U.S. National Library of Medicine defines learning disability like dyslexia as a developmental reading disorder is a reading disability that occurs when the brain does not properly recognize and process certain symbols. Impacts a persons ability to speak, read, spell, and writes which could definitely effect ones social interaction. Specific learning disability 8

9. Implications for Instructions: Provide books with large font and or double space sentences Provide books/lecture on tape Deliver lectures in small incumbent Encourage students to use of logic 9

10. Description : Visual impairment is when a person has sight loss that cannot be fully corrected using glasses or contact lenses. Visual Disability 10

11. Implications for Instructions: Plan to purchase textbooks via video tapes Use an alternative for writing assignments Students with low vision should be encouraged to use their eyes to the maximum. Vision is not diminished by use 11

12. Allow the student to adjust his/her work to a position that he/she is most comfortable with Do not use large print materials when regular print will suffice Whenever an assignment refers to a picture (as in math workbooks) allow the student to look at the picture in a regular print book. The large print process distorts pictures Cont…….. 12

13. PSYCHOTHERAPIES 13

14. Problem Solving Skills Training Help patients recognize and learn about problem solving skills. Cont…. 14

15. Speech and language therapy.. Speech therapy is an intervention service that focuses on improving a child's speech and abilities to understand and express language, including nonverbal language. Speech therapists, or speech and language pathologists (SLPs), are the professionals who provide these services Cont…… 15

16. Speech therapy includes two components: 1) coordinating the mouth to produce sounds to form words and sentences, fluency, and voice volume regulation. 2) understanding and expressing language like to address the use of language through written, pictorial, body, and sign forms, and the use of language through alternative communication systems such as social media, computers. Cont…… 16

17. Occupational Therapy. Occupational therapy (OT) addresses a combination of cognitive, physical and motor skills. Its goals including helping a child or adult gain age-appropriate independence and participate more fully in life.  Goals may include independent dressing, feeding, grooming and use of the toilet, along with improved social, fine motor and visual perceptual skills. Typically, occupational therapy involves half-hour to one-hour sessions with a frequency determined by the individual’s needs. Cont… 17

18. Physical Therapy  Many disable children have challenges with motor skills such as sitting, walking, running and jumping. Physical therapy (PT) focuses on problems with movement that cause real-life limitations. In particular, physical therapy can improve poor muscle tone, balance and coordination. 18

19. Certified physical therapists deliver physical therapy beginning with an evaluation of a person’s physical abilities and developmental level. They then design programs of activities that target areas of challenge. Typically therapy sessions run a half hour to an hour and include assisted movement, various forms of exercise and the use of orthopedic equipment. The needs of the child or adult receiving services should determine the frequency of these sessions. Cont… 19

20. Communication Intervention Communication intervention services may be especially important for individuals who have degenerative disorders (also known as progressive disorders). As the disorder progresses, the communication needs of the individual will change. In addition to diminishing health, degenerative disorders are often associated with the loss of vision, hearing, or motor function. 20

21. Dialectical Behavior Therapy DBT is a comprehensive treatment program addressing deficits in emotion regulation, distress tolerance, and interpersonal relationships. It was originally developed by Marsha Linehan (1993a; 1993b) for the treatment of individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. Since that time, its effectiveness has been demonstrated with a large variety of different disorders. 21

22. Using DBT, therapists have four main tasks. 1 .. They work to expand client capabilities. 2 .. motivate the client to engage in new behaviors. 3 .. generalize the use of the new behaviors. 4 .. establish a treatment environment that reinforces progress. Cont…. 22

23. Play therapy.. Play Therapy is a type of psychotherapy which is proven to be more effective when used with children who are having social, developmental, behavioral and emotional difficulties There are two common types of play therapy – Directive Non directive 23

24. 24

25. 25