PTFE (polymer)

Metallurgy and materials Engineering, University of Punjab, Lahore

1. PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) Name : Muhammad ILYAS Roll #: M14-321 Department: CEET (Metallurgy & Materials Engineering)

2. Introduction Polytetrafluoroethylene is better known by the trade name of Teflon ® Teflon ® is a registered trademark of the DuPont company for its fluoropolymer resins. It can be used to make a variety of articles having a combination of mechanical, electrical, chemical, temperature, and friction-resisting properties unmatched by articles made of any other material . Its resins as outstanding engineering materials for use in many industrial and military applications . Monomer: Name : 1,1,2,2-tetraflouroethylene (IUPAC Name ) . Chemical Formula is ;

3. Introduction PTFE is highly molecular weight linear polymer consisting only Carbon & Fluorine. It produced by free radical addition polymerization reaction, which is conducted as an emulsion in water. Its Fluorine atoms prefer their own kind e.g attracts only Fluorine & repel other molecules, such as water. Chemical Reaction; Types of Teflon ® : Teflon ® PTFE Teflon ® PFA (Perfluoroalkyoxy) Teflon ® FEP (Fluoroethylene polymer) Tefzel ® FP (Fluoropolymer) Grades of Teflon : Teflon AF fluoroplastic resin is available in ten grades. Powder Resin: AF 1600 AF 2400 Solution Form: 601S2-100-6 601S2-1-6 601S2-100-18 400S2-100-1 400S2-1-1

4. Physical Properties Properties Values Melting Point 327 Glass-Transition Temperature 115 Crystallinity (60-80) % Degradation Temperature 260 Chemical Resistance even in aqua regia Good Corrosion Resistance Excellent Moisture Absorption No (Water proof) HDT (at 264 psi) 55 Molecular Weight 400000-9000000 g/mole Properties Values Melting Point Glass-Transition Temperature Crystallinity (60-80) % Degradation Temperature Chemical Resistance even in aqua regia Good Corrosion Resistance Excellent Moisture Absorption No (Water proof) HDT (at 264 psi) Molecular Weight 400000-9000000 g/mole Commercial availability of Teflon : Granular Form Fine dispersed Form

5. Techniques Polymerization technique of PTFE : 1) By suspension polymerization: (Give granular powdered grade) 2) By emulsion polymerization: ( Give dispersion grade) Processing techniques of PTFE: By compression molding (For simple shapes) By isostatic molding (For complex shapes) Ram extrusion (For continuous rods)

6. Applications Cookware Chemical and steel industries semiconductor industry Hair styling tools ( Slippery surfaces, non-stick ) (corrosion resistance & inertness to chemicals) ( Inert Polymer) ( comb iron coated with FTEP) Fabric Protector Thread Seal Tape optical instruments Coating material ( Repel stains ,water) (Thread lubricant) ( porosity) (Friction resistance ,lubricant)

7. Research Article On the aggregation process of ceramic LiSn 2 P 3 O 12 particles embedded in Teflon matrix. 1-Ceramic particles that contain lithium ion conductor. 2-Teflon matrix insulator. 3-Below (30% volume ) ceramic particles lay isolated. 4-More concentration of ceramic particles more will be clustering. 5-Rhombohedral has higher electrical conductivity than triclinic phase . 6-Analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy.

8. Graph & Diagram

9. Conclusion A ccidental discovery of Teflon by Roy J. Plunkett led to many practical uses in the world today. The practical ways in which it can be used has led to Teflon being apart of many extraordinary things . Teflon is now used to created computer chips, nearly all the coating for tubing and pipes, insulation for communication cables, insulation for valves, seals, and pipes, and it is used in the protective designs of the U.S. Space Program's space suits, heat shields, insulators, and cargo liners. All of this was made possible because of the accidental discovery of this molecule . Limitations Emit toxic byproduct Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), when overheating +350◦C Cause polymer Fume Fever, Flue, thyroid &Environment pollution

10. References Fluoropolymers Industrial, DuPont, Wilmington, Deleware , Teflon® Mechanical Design Data , DuPont®, Wilmington, Deleware Sciencedirect.com William F. Smith . Sperati , C. A., and J. L. McPherson, “Physical Properties of Polytetrafluoroethylene