Public library system

Introduction to Public Library
Origin and Growth :- World, India
Definition of PL
Forerunner of modern PLs
Growth of PL as Social Institution
Important features of a PL
PL’s commitment to the society
Agencies in promotion & development of PLs in India
State’s PL Act
Types of PL Act
NAPLIS
Model PL Bills/Acts in India
Structure of PL & Information system
The management of PLs
PL Standards
Challenges and problems for future PL system

1. SYSTEM PRABHAKAR SHEKHAR MLIS,DLIS, Pondicherry University, PUDUCHERRY 11-03-2018

2. Overview of Presentation Introduction Origin and Growth :- World,India Definition of PL Forerunner of modern PLs Growth of PL as Social Institution Important features of a PL PL’s commitment to the society Agencies in promotion & development of PLs in India State’s PL Act Types of PL Act NAPLIS Model PL Bills/Acts in India Structure of PL & Information system The management of PLs PL Standards Challenges and problems for future PL system Summary References 11-03-2018

3. Introduction Public library, the gateway to knowledge , provides a basic condition for lifelong learning , independent decision-making and cultural development of the individuals and social group. (IFLA/UNESCO Public Library Manifesto,1994) PL is a living force for education, culture and information According to Roanald Benge , Public Library concept consists of four elements . These are as following :- Available for the loan of materials and for the reference purposes to all citizens Mainly supported from public funds Their services should be free All material should be available as an integral part of right 11-03-2018

4. Origin and Growth (World level) In Europe :- Mid-6 th century BC – large library of books Was opened to the public in the city of Athens 39 BC – a national or a public library opened in Rome End 4 th century A.D. – 28-30 public libraries in the Rome 410 A.D . –Roman Monarchy demise, after that libraries also declined 14 th -17 th century – Renaissance education emerged; encouraged the study and imitation of Greek and Roman literatures 19 th century – mechanisation of printing 11-03-2018

5. Origin & Growth of PLs in India 11-03-2018

6. Growth of PL after Independence 1952-53 Min.of.Education , GOI started giving grants to the states for the establishment of PLs 1 st FYP Later this scheme was incorporated in the 1 st FYP 1952 GOI launched Community Development Programme Which gave a fillip to rural libraries 1954 GOI adopted the Delivery of Books Act under which a publisher is required to deposit a copy of the book to each of the four Depository public libraries around the country 1956 Delivery of books Act amended and renamed as Delivery of Books & Newspaper Act 1959 GOI appointed Sinha Committee , to report on the status of PLs in the country 11-03-2018

7. Growth of PL after Independence 11-03-2018

8. Definition of PL & PL System 11-03-2018 By S.R.Rangananthan :- “PL is a library owned and maintained by the public of its area for the socialization of its books and kindred materials for free service to the people of the area.” By IFLA :- “A library established and financed by a local or in some cases, central government body or by some other some other organisation authorised to act on its behalf available without bias or discrimination to all who wish to use it.” Public Library System* may be defined as :- “An organisation of service unit discharges its predetermined role as an integral part of the system and the smaller units receive administrative, technical, financial and personal support from central units(libraries) with common services such, as selection, acquisition and processing of books, compilation of bibliographies and reading lists, and indexing of articles of local interest.”

9. Personal libraries Parish libraries Mechanic’s institute libraries Forerunners of modern PLs Public Libraries Personal libraries Confined to priestly class Parish libraries Open both to clerics and Laymen Have Circulation units Mechanic’s Institute libraries Also called Apprentices’ libraries Libraries for workers Subscription libraries Also called Social Libraries Some provisions – Admission fee, Annual subscription fee, Cash deposit for safe return of books 11-03-2018

10. Purposes of the public library Education Supporting both individual and self conducted education as well as formal education at all levels Information The public library is the local centre of information making all kinds of knowledge and information readily available to its users Personal development Providing opportunities for personal creative development Children and young people Creating and strengthening reading habits in children from an early age Public libraries and cultural development The social role of the public library 11-03-2018 Source : IFLA Manifesto

11. Growth of PL as Social Institution PL is a social institution, which is created and maintained by the society for its benefit and progress . Following social factors influenced the growth of PL as a social institution :- Impact of Renaissance and Industrial revolution Invention of printing Spread of universal education Spread of literacy Role of enlightened philanthropic persons and institutions Urge for knowledge and information Recreation and use of leisure time 11-03-2018

12. Important features of a PL Equality to access Free services PL is the responsibility of local or national authorities Legal and financial basis of a PL 11-03-2018

13. PL’s commitment to the society The Unesco Public Library Manifesto(1994) has suggested the following missions of a PL. These are essentially the PL’S commitment to the society:- Self education centre of the society Community Information Centre Cultural centre for the society Centre for recreation and healthy use of leisure time Supporting role in literacy activities Developing reading habits and creativity among them Services to the disadvantaged sections of the society Collection development and services adopted to meet the society’s needs As an Impartial democratic institution of the society 11-03-2018

14. Agencies in the P &D of PLS in India Three diverse pattern in the development of PLs :- Promoted exclusively by government initiative (no cess) Promoted by private efforts alone in which case user may pay for the service A mixture of the above two All the three systems of PLs exist side by side. No uniform strategy in PL development and promotion can be visualised .And , for the same reason, the agencies involved in these efforts also will be very diverse Any entity connected with social or educational activities are also involved in the P&D of PLs. It encompasses Government at all levels (Central, State & Local) Govt agencies Voluntary organisations Library associations Rural schools International organisations individuals 11-03-2018

15. .. Agencies in P&D (State govt.) Public library services under the Indian constitution is exclusively a State subject so the main role in P&D of PL System depends upon the particular state’s government policy As the vision and priorities on PL movement varied from state to state, so also the strategies of each government resulting in highly varying levels of growth and development of PLs in India From the organizational point of view, the state govts & UT administrations may broadly be grouped into two system :- Statutory system Non-statutory system 11-03-2018

16. Statutory System (State govt.) Under this system, the affairs of PLs are looked after under the law enacted by the state It makes regular provision in the budget and tries to evolve the PL System in the state At present, only 19 states & 1 UT of India have enacted Library law. (see next slide) An analysis of these Acts will show that they differ between each other substantially in many aspects :- Objectives Definition strategy 11-03-2018

17. State’s PL Act Sr. no. Name of the Public Library Act Year 1 Tamil N adu * Public Library Act (Madras PLA) 1948 2 Andhra Pradesh * Public Library Act (Amendment in 1986) 1960 3 Karnataka * Public Library Act 1965 4 Maharashtra Public Library Act 1967 5 West Bengal Public Library Act 1979 6 Manipur Public Library Act 1988 7 Haryana Public Library Act 1989 8 Kerala * Public Library Act 1989 9 Mizoram Public Library Act 1993 10 Goa * Public Library Act 1993 11 Gujarat Public Library Act 2001 12 Orissa Public Library Act 2001 11-03-2018

18. State’s PL Act Sr. no. Name of the Public Library Act Year 13 Uttar Pradesh Public Library Act 2005 14 Uttarakhand Public Library Act 2005 15 Rajasthan Public Library Act 2006 16 Bihar Public Library Act 2007 17 Chattishgarh Public Library Act 2007 18 Pondicheery Public Library Act 2007 19 Arunachal Pradesh Public Library Act 2009 20 Madhya Pradesh Public Library Act 2013 11-03-2018

19. Types of PL Act On the basis of main features, the acts may be broadly classified into 4 types with still some minor variation remaining:- The Tamil Nadu Pattern The Maharashtra Pattern The West Bengal Pattern The Kerala Pattern A comparison chart of these four PL Pattern of India :- (..in next slide) 11-03-2018

20. Tamil Nadu Pattern Maharashtra Pattern West Bengal Pattern Kerala Pattern May includes these states T.N. Andhra Prad . Karnataka Manipur Mizoram Haryana W.B. Kerala Networking of libraries Yes No No No State library fund Yes Yes Yes Yes District library fund Yes - - - Levying library cess Yes No No Yes state Library Council Yes Yes Yes Yes Directorate of PLs Yes Yes Yes No Voluntary org. Lib. recognised No Yes Yes Yes Local Library Authority Yes No Yes - Uniqueness Advisory body –State Lib. Council Implementation Body – Directorate of PLs M.o.Libraries = Chairman of State LA More democratic & less bureaucratic culture All LAs r run by elected member Description Patterns 20 11-03-2018

21. Non-Statutory System (State govt.) The state ,which have not enacted library legislation, have adopted their own ways to develop libraries Under this system two methods are used :- Direct government effort – establishment of libraries by the government itself. Generally followed by small states. Grant-in-aid-system – generally followed by bigger states. Grants-in-aid are paid to selected existing library run by voluntary organisations Generally , most of the states combine both methods 11-03-2018

22. ..Agency in P&D (Central govt.) In India, ‘Library’ is constitutionally a state subject. The central govt has jurisdiction only over PLs established by it and institutions of national importance declared so by parliament The state have exclusive jurisdiction over PLs and other libraries established by them Department of Culture Under the GOI(Allocation of Business) Rules, the work pertaining to Central libraries, Libraries of National importance, and the delivery of Books and Newspapers Act are assigned to the Dept of culture The library section of the dept looks after the development of libraries 11-03-2018

23. ...Dept. Of Culture(Central govt.) It is in-charge of the National library, Kolkata Central Reference Library, Kolkata (both subordinate offices) Central secretariat Library, New Delhi Following libraries and library promotional agency are autonomous body of GOI , which receiving full financial assistance from GOI :- The Delhi Public Library(DPL), Delhi The Khuda Baksh Oriental Public Library * , Patna(Bihar) The Rampur Raza Library * , Rampur(U.P) Raja Rammohan Roy Library Foundation(RRRLF), Kolkata - RRRLF is not a library but a promotional and financing body Following libraries also receiving grants from time to time from GOI TMSSM Library, Thanjavur (TN) Connemara Public Library, Chennai Central Library, Mumbai 11-03-2018

24. NAPLIS NAPLIS = Na tional P olicy on L ibrary and I nformation S ystem Library policy is formulated for the development , effective and efficient library services at state or national level In 1985, the M.o.HRD , GOI with the persuasion of the RRRLF and the ILA, constituted a committee on NAPLIS under chairman D.P.Chattopadhyay (NAPLIS,1986) After surveying the situation of libraries in the country, this committee made recommendation on all aspects of Library and Information System, in which the Public library system form, one chapter 11-03-2018

25. Recommendation of NAPLIS on PLS Though the govt has not adopted it as the official policy , but it serves as suggestive model for development . These recommendations are as followings :- Establish, maintain and strengthen the free PLs in the country systematically Main thrust should go to the Rural PL An important link should be established between the Village’s Community library and primary school Community library should provide – Children section, adult education and A-V aids to illiterate villagers District Library(DL) should serve as an apex body for each district’s PLs DL also arrange mobile & circulating library services within its area 11-03-2018

26. ...contd. PLs for special groups(tribal, minority) should be built to develop their distinctive cultures DL will take the leadership in establishing linkage between all other PLs of the district PLs should be adequately equipped to serve as chief sustaining agencies of distance education State network of PLs should be made which eventually connect with the national level State central library’s role is crucial in .. networking establishment of uniform library procedure acting as coordinating agency for PLs For development of PLs each state enacts its own library legislation The central govt should assist the state in the development of PLs 11-03-2018

27. Model Public Library Bills/acts in India In India, we have 5 model Acts/Bill, with revisions, whenever necessary at the state level. They are :- Sr.No . Year Revisions Name of Bills/acts Prepared By 1 1930 1972 Modern PLs Act Dr. S.R.Ranganathan 2 1963 - Model PL Bill Dr. M.D.Sen Committee,M.o.Education ( GoI ) 3 1964 Model PL Bill Working group of Planning Commission( GoI ) 4 1989 1995, 2000 Model PLs Act ILA(Indian Library Association) 5 1948 1959, 1972 Model Union PL Act GoI Committee (Dr. S.R.R. as a member) 11-03-2018

28. Structure of PL & Information System ( suggested by ILA Model Act)

29. The management of PLs A clear policy must be formulated defining objectives , priorities and services in relation to the local community needs . The PL has to be organised effectively and professional standards of operation must be maintained PL plan should work in tandem with other development plan While preparing the library management system, the activities of the library have to be spelt out in details for a viable economic decision making process 11-03-2018

30. Financial resources mgmt. issues In India, different forms and styles of PL development are in operation hence no uniform pattern of financing can be expected Sources of fund raising for PL in India :- 11-03-2018

31. Education budget & expenditure on PL Various Committees on public libraries recommended minimum expenditure criteria for PLs Working Group on strategic Approach to PL Planning 5% of education budget Committee on NAPLIS 6-10 % of education budget 8 th Plan Working Group on Library and Informatics Rs.1 per capita during 8 th FYP Kerala PL Act Not more than 1% of education budget 11-03-2018

32. Human resource mgmt. issues The staffing pattern of most PLs is extremely stereotype & ordinary at present juncture The prerequisite qualities of staff are varying according to the types of libraries. The goal of PLs must be considered as the main criteria for the selection of the right kind of staff Qualification for the staff among PLs also varying Like in a Rural PLS, the qualification need not be technical expertise only, but the ability to communicate to different types of rural users Suitable staffing for PLS should be broad-based , not be limited to one source only. Since PLs have to play different roles within development process in India Provision of training facilities and exposure to new techniques for different level of staff is the need of hour 11-03-2018

33. Public Library standards 1933 -The 1 st attempt to formulate standards for PLs was made by ALA . It has been revised many time subsequently to meet the needs of the changing time International organizations, like Unesco and IFLA, have played a significant role in formulation of PL guidelines and standards 1973 – IFLA published Standards for PLs (UR*) 1986 –IFLA published Guidelines for PLs (Not UR*) Since 1986 IFLA have offered advice, not rules 11-03-2018

34. Indian Public Library standards In India, reports starting from the Advisory Committee by K.P.Sinha (1958 ) to the latest NAPLIS(1986),have stipulated various norms/standards, goals and guidelines for PLs The comprehensive document on this topic has been the one published by the RRRLF in 1991 entitled Guidelines for Public Library System and Services These Guidelines are generally based on Unesco PL Manifesto and IFLA Standards for PLs, but some novel features to suit Indian situations have been included This document doesn’t list the standards separately, but gives in appropriate places in the Guidelines 11-03-2018

35. Challenges & Problems for future PLS The physical resources of the PL System of the future will not only traditional resources of a library, but will comprise multi-media resources information technology components The PLs may have to change its traditional book-based static library system setup into a dynamic, social and cultural institution for the community itself To enhance the usefulness of future PLs, it is the need of hour to shift in the nature and type of physical resources in tune with the changing aims, objectives and functions of the PL System 4 most important problems present PL facing is : Increasing cost of books & reading materials Increasing availability of information through new IT Increasing needs of public Stagnant or declining revenue of public fund 11-03-2018

36. Conclusions PL is the establishment which is established and financed by a local govt in general but in some cases it may be financed by central govt or private organisation PL System history is very old but modern PL System is started from Europe, it started in India from 1808. After that it is growing day by day Presently 19 states and 1 U.T has their own PL Act PL financing system also varies between diff state In India total 5 model PL Bills/Acts is prevalent PL staffing should be broad-based and must consider the goal of particular PL System 11-03-2018

37. References IGNOU(2017).MLIE-106.Public Library System and services in Public Library : Basic concept, New Delhi : IGNOU IFLA.(2017,august30).www.ifla.org/libraries-development.Retrived from www.ifla.org UNESCO.(2017,august30).www.unesco.org/webworld/libraries/manifestos/libraman.html.retrived from www.unesco.org 11-03-2018

38. 11-03-2018 THANK YOU