Public policies in India

Describes about the meaning of public policy, need and importance of public policies, recent public policies in india, weakness of public policies and remedies to overcome the public policy problems

1. Prof. Shrinivas 06-12-2016 1 Public Policies

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3. Meaning Public policy  is the principled guide to action taken by the administrative executive branches of the state with regard to a class of issues, in a manner consistent with law and institutional customs. 06-12-2016 3

4. Public policies in India Energy Waste management Retail Gender Education Health Water Environment Food Real estate Pharmaceutical Finance ICT 06-12-2016 4

5. Public policy is a course of action adopted and pursued by a government. Public: it comprises domain of human activity which is regarded as requiring governmental interventions or common actions Policy: a purposive course of action taken or adopted by those in power to pursuit certain goals and objectives 06-12-2016 5

6. Government’s public policy role Public policy A plan of action undertaken by government officials to achieve some broad purpose affecting a substantial segment of a nation’s citizens. Public policy inputs shape a government’s policy decisions and strategies to address problems. Public policy goals can be broad and high-minded nor narrow and self-serving. Governments use public policy tools involving combinations of incentives and penalties to prompt citizens to act in ways that achieve policy goals. Public policy effects are the outcomes arising from government regulation. 06-12-2016 6

7. Types of public policy Fiscal policy Refers to patterns of government taxing and spending that are intended to stimulate or support the economy. Monetary policy Refers to policies that affect the supply, demand, and value of a nation’s currency. Social assistance policies Examples include health care and education. 06-12-2016 7

8. Government regulation of business Regulation The action of government to establish rules by which business or other groups must behave. It is a primary way of accomplishing public policy. Reasons for regulation Market failure Natural monopolies Ethical rationales 06-12-2016 8

9. Types of regulation: Economic Economic regulations Aim to modify the normal operation of the free market and the forces of supply and demand. Control prices or wages Allocate public resources Establish service territories Set the number of participants Ration resources 06-12-2016 9

10. Types of regulation: Social Social regulations Aimed at such important social goals as protecting consumers and the environment and providing workers with safe and healthy working conditions. Pollution laws Safety and health laws Job discrimination laws applicable to businesses Consumer protection laws that apply to all relevant businesses producing and selling consumer goods 06-12-2016 10

11. Social regulation examples Consumer Product Safety Commission sets strict rules for children’s consumables. The Environmental Protection Agency sets limits on the amounts of sulfur dioxide that can be emitted into the air from the smokestacks of power plants. The NHAI requires new cars to be equipped with air bags, seatbelts, and other protective gear. 06-12-2016 11

12. The role of public policy in governing business When new public policies are created, there are generally three key things involved in the process: the problem, the player and the policy. The problem is the issue that needs to be addressed, the player is the individual or group that has to be addressed, and the policy is the finalized course of action. 06-12-2016 12

13. The rational model for the public policy making process can be typically divided into 3 steps: agenda setting, option formulation, and implementation. Government officials or the agencies meet to discuss the problem at the end. 06-12-2016 13

14. Economic policy : Economic policy is of vital importance that affects the business. It deals with the tools that the government uses to manage the economy or solve economic problems 06-12-2016 14

15. Social welfare policy: The nation that the government is responsible for its citizens is a relatively new idea. Social welfare policy is implemented through many programs designed to improve health,education,housing,employment. 06-12-2016 15

16. Government and public policy A policy is typically designed as principle or rule to guide decisions and achieve rational outcomes. The term is not normally used to denote what is actually done, this is normally referred to as either procedure or protocol. 06-12-2016 16

17. Classification of public policy Policies may be classified in many different ways: Distributive policies: Distributive policies extend goods and services to members of a system, as well as distributing the cost of the goods/services amongst the members of the system. Examples include government policies that impact spending for welfare, public education, highways and public safety or a professional organization’s benefit plan. 06-12-2016 17

18. Regulatory policies : Regulatory policies or mandates, limit the discretion of individuals and agencies, or otherwise compel certain types of behavior. These policies are generally thought to be best applied when good behavior can be easily defined and bad behavior can be easily regulated and punished through fines or sanctions. 06-12-2016 18

19. Constituent policies: It creates executive power entities or deal with laws, it also deals with fiscal policy in some circumstances. Miscellaneous policies: Polices are dynamic they are not just static lists of goals or laws. Policy blueprints have to be implemented, often with unexpected results. 06-12-2016 19

20. Important public policies of India UDAY( Ujwal Discom Assurance Yojana ) It aims to improve financial and operational efficiencies of power distribution companies. UDAY has incentives in the scheme to encourage state governments to restructure their debts. Recently, RBI has released UDAY bonds worth 1Lakh crore ,on behalf of 8 states. UDAY bonds fetch Rs.99,000 crore Ministry:-Power and Coal. 06-12-2016 20

21. 2. Make In India Under it ,the main focus is on simplifying procedures to improve ease of doing business in India ,IPR protection, focus on various sectors to encourage domestic manufacturing industries ,opening new sectors for FDI etc.​ It aims to increase share of manufacturing industry in GDP from current 16% to 25% by 2025, with key focus on defence, infrastructure etc. Ministry:-DIPP( Department of Industrial Policy & Promotion) 06-12-2016 21

22. 3. Skill India As  per labour report ,2014,only 2-3% Indians have got formally skill training which is v.low vis-à-vis S.Korea ,Japan etc. Improving it, is one of key targets of Skill India mission. Govt. aims to skill 40 crore people by 2022 through  PM Kaushal Vikas Yoajana . Ministry:-Mini. Of Skill Development . 06-12-2016 22

23. 4.Namami Gange To make Ganga pollution free by involving ULBs and PRIs and common people. Program has outlay of 20k crore for next 5 years. Ministry:-Water , Ganga Rejuvenation ministry. 06-12-2016 23

24. 06-12-2016 24 5.Digital India It's key pillars are broadband highways into rural areas, Public internet access, E- governance,Zero import of electronics by 2020,creating IT jobs etc. Ministry:-Communications and IT. 6.HRIDAY-( Heritage Development and Augmentation Yoajana ) A flagship scheme of GoI ,focused on revitalising 12 heritage cities of India. Ministry:-Urban Development .

25. 7.Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana . It aims to provide free LPG to 5 crore BPL families in next three years ( 1.5 crore families in current fiscal year). It will reduce no. of deaths being caused by smoke from wood, dung etc. Ministry:- Petroleum and Gas. 06-12-2016 25

26. 06-12-2016 26 8.Mission Indradhanush . It aims   to cover all unvaccinated children/partially vaccinated to prevent them from 7 diseases-Polio, Tetanus, Diphtheria ,Cough, T.B., Measles, Hepatitis B. Ministry :-Health. 9.Beti Bachao - Beti Padhao . It aims to stop declining sex ratio in 100 worst districts of country ,though 61 more districts have been recently added . Scheme aims to promote gender equality ,significance of educating girls by promoting girls education . Ministry :-HRD+ Women Development + Health .

27. 06-12-2016 27 10.Stand Up India To promote entrepreneurship among SC/STs and Women. Under scheme , every bank branch will fund two projects each, which will benefit at least 2.5 lakh borrowers with next 3 years. Ministry:-Finance. 11. Sagar Mala project By Sagar Mala initiative govt. wants to modernise ports, improve their efficiency. It will lead to addition of 100 million tonnes of capacity to existing capacity of major ports. Recently, Maritime India Summit,1st of it's kind, was organised in Mumbai to attract investments in the shipping sector. Ministry:- Shipping

28. 12. Soil Health Card Scheme will provide a soil health card to every farmer ,which will carry info. about condition of soil by descriptive terms and indicators . Card will carry crop-wise recommendation of fertilisers required for farm land and crops Ministry:- Agriculture  06-12-2016 28

29. Need for business policy Business policy defines the scope or spheres within which decisions can be taken by the subordinates in an organization. It permits the lower level management to deal with the problems and issues without consulting top level management every time for decisions. 06-12-2016 29

30. Features of business policy Specific Clear Reliable Appropriate Simple Inclusive Flexible Stable 06-12-2016 30

31. Elements of public policy A public policy is an action by a government that affects public welfare. It includes: Laws Rules and regulations Programs(welfare, Medicare) and practices Specific policy changes At international, national, state and local levels 06-12-2016 31

32. Corporate and public policy Generally, companies react to issues after they have been brought to light. Corporations should have policies in place that identifies their views on issues and willingness to stand behind those views. This is known as corporate public policy 06-12-2016 32

33. Planning and implementing corporate public policy The adoptions of a corporate public policy agenda involves 5 steps. Scan the environment Assess organizational assets meaning that once social trends have been identified, the company must figure out how it can address that trends and whether it has the ability to do so with its current assets The third step is to set the policy The fourth step is to implement the policy The fifth step is to measure the results 06-12-2016 33

34. Framing of public policy Public policy is created by legislation. It is generally defined as the principles or standards regarded by legislature, or the courts, as being of fundamental concern to the state and the whole of society. How is public policy framed? It is formulated with active involvement on the part of interest groups whose members do not seek election. 06-12-2016 34

35. It comprises of expert and panel to make final judgment Based on the feedback or opinion of the expert committee the public policy is framed 06-12-2016 35

36. Levels of public policy The below is the public policy cycle: Agenda setting: problems are defined and issues are raised. Gate keepers filter out those which will be given attention by either the executive or the legislative branches Formulation: analysis and politics determines how the agenda item is translated into an authoritative decision. 06-12-2016 36

37. 3. Implementation -the authorized policy must be administered and enforced by an agency of govt. the agency must take instructions as stated in the policy, but will probably be called upon to provide missing pieces and to make judgments as to intent, goals, timetables 4. Budgeting : Financial resources must be brought to beat within an ongoing annual stream of budget cycles. 06-12-2016 37

38. 5. Evaluation -the impact of the policy may be assessed . If goals exist, the effectiveness of the policy and its components can be determined. The feedback provided by evaluation is injected back to the agenda setting and frame new policies 06-12-2016 38

39. Weaknesses in India's Public Policy making Excessive Fragmentation in Thinking and Action Excessive overlap between policy making and implementation Lack of non-governmental inputs and informed debate Lack of systematic analysis and integration prior to policy-making 06-12-2016 39

40. Reforming Institutional Structures and Processes Reduction in fragmentation Separation of policy-making from implementation and de-centralising implementation authority Widening and enhancing the knowledge base used in policy-making and promoting integration and synthesis 06-12-2016 40