PULMONARY EDEMA AND ITS MANAGEMENT.pdf

definition, causes, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, management, nursing management.

1. PULMONARY EDEMA
PREPARED BY DOLISHA WARBI

2. DEFINITION:
Pulmonary edema is the abnormal accumulation of the fluid in the interstitial space and alveoli of the lung.
CAUSES:
§Congestive heart failure.
§ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome).
§Medication overdose example aspirin.
§Intracranial hemorrhage.
§Kidney failure
§Pulmonary embolism
§Severe seizure.

3. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:
Disruption of endothelial barrier allow protein to escape capillary bed and enhance movement of fluid in
to the tissue of the lung
Lymphatic obstruction
Damage to the alveolar-capillary barrier
Increase pulmonary capillary pressure

4. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:
üDyspnea
üTachycardia
üCyanosis
üRestlessness
üAgitation
üWheezing
üCrackles
üSudden weight gain
üDecreased urinary output
üLow O2 saturation
üHand may be cool and moist

5. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION:
ØChest X Ray.
ØCT scan.
ØBlood test (CBC).
ØABG testing
ØEchocardiogram
MANAGEMENT:
§Oxygen therapy
§Diuretics (Furosemide)
§Vasodilators (IV Nitroglycerin)
§Positioning
§Needle aspiration

6. NURSING MANAGEMENT:
oMonitor vital signs
oInstruct the patient positioned upright.
oEncourage liquid intake
oChest physiotherapy, if needed
oMonitor I/O regularly
oInstruct the patient not to take any caffeine, alcohol or beverages

7. THANKS YOU