PULP and it's histology ,zones ,cells ,age changes and clinical considerations

This lecture gives a detailed insight about pulp ,it's cells ,zones and their histology

1. PULP Dr Nighat Shafiq

2. Pulp

3. Pulp

4. Zones of Pulp

5. Intercellular substance Glycosaminoglycans being hydrophilic, forms a gel and contributes to high tissue fluid pressure of the pulp. It is composed of both acid mucopolysaccharides and protein polysaccharide Presence of chondroitin A, chondroitin B, and hyaluronic acid has been demonstrated in abundance.

6. Cells of the dental papilla originate from Mesenchymal cells Ectodermal cells Stromal cells Ectomesenchymal cells Endodermal cells

7. Ossification of mandible start in which of the following regions? Alveolar process Condyle Coronoid At the division of inferior alveolar nerve Symphysis menti

8. Cellular content

9. Fibroblast Most numerous type Typical stellate type

10. Functions of fibroblast They release inflammatory mediators cytokines and growth factors. Fibroblasts secrete angiogenic factors like FGF-2 and VEGF, especially after injury Form mineralized tissue like bone on stimulation Secrete colony stimulating factors

11. Odontoblast

12. Odontoblast

13. Defense cells of pulp

14. Dental pulp stem cells

15. Lymphatic of pulp These cells contain multivesicular structures, Weibel– Palade bodies, and paracrystalline inclusions. The larger vessels have an irregular-shaped lumen composed of endothelial cells surrounded by an incomplete layer of pericytes or smooth muscle cells or both In inflamed pulps, due to increased interstitial fluid pressure, gap junction develops

16. Lymphatics of pulp

17. Innervation

18. Nerve supply of the pulp Nerves follow the course of blood vessels Very little branching in radicular pulp Myelinated nerves lose myelin sheath and form plexus: plexus of Raschkow Nerve fibers terminate adjacent to odontoblast or in dentinal tubules Only free nerve endings in pulp: therefore, only pain sensation is felt Myelinated/fast conducting: “a” delta fibers mediate sharp pain Nonmyelinated/slow conducting: “c” fibers mediate dull pain Sympathetic fibers end in blood vessels to control blood flow

19. Development of pulp Nerve fibers were first seen in the 11th week of intrauterine life. In the 18th week the nerve fibers were observed in the dental papilla. At that time the first layers of enamel and dentin were being formed.

20. Age changes in pulp

21. Pulp polyp