Pulses- Introduction to agricultural Botany

Pulses

1. Red Gram-(Arhar, Tur)-Pigeon pea
Cajanuscajan(2n=22)
•Place oforigin:Africa
•Putativeparent:
Cultivated cajanusarose from Atylosia-Atylosialineata

3. •Habitat-Tropical
•Habit-Annualorperennialshruberectandbranching
•Root-Taproot-Largeclustersofnodulesproducedunder
favourablecondition
•Stem-Branching,woody,cylindricalandhairy
•Leaves-Trifoliatelycompound,centralleaflongerthanlateral
one,petiolate,stipulate,palvinate,leaflaminalanceolatewith
reticulatevenation

4. •Inflorescence-Axillary or terminal raceme
•Flower-Bracteate, Zygomorphic, bisexual, complete, papilonaceous
and pentamerous
•Calyx-Sepals –Four lobed-Two united
•Corolla-Petals-five-(One standard , Two wing and two keel petals),
polypetalous, Papilionaceous, Vexillary aestivation
•Androecium-Stamens 10-Diadelphous
•Gynoecium-Monocarpellary, superior ovary, ovules marginal
placentation
•Fruit-Pod-Flattened with constriction between ends
•Pollination–Often cross pollination

5. Arhar Tur
Cajanuscajanvar.bicolorCajanus cajanvar. flavus
Perennial Shortduration
Large bushy plant bearing
purple streaked yellow
flower
Colorofstandardpetal
yellow
The pods are dark purplePodsgreen,glabrous
North India South India

6. Chick pea-Cicer arietinum, 2n-16
Origin–TropicalAsia
Putativeparent–Notknown
Relatedspecies-C.chorossanicum,C.cuneatum,
C.pinnatifidum

9. •Habitat-Sub-tropicalandtemperate
•Habit-Herbaceousannual-erectandwithfewbranches-25-30
tall,allpartscoveredwithglandularhairs
•Root-Taprootwithnodules
•Stem-Greyishinappearance,mainstemrounded
Branches-Quadrangularribbedandgreen
•Leaves-Imparipinnate,leafletshairy,serratemargin,ovate
shapeandstipulate

10. •Inflorescence-Axillary solitary raceme
•Flower-Bracteate, Zygomorphic, bisexual, complete, papilonaceous
and pentamerous
•Calyx-Sepals –Five lobed-Gamosepalous-valvate aestivation
•Corolla-Petals-five-(One standard , Two wing and two keel petals),
polypetalous, Papilionaceous, Vexillary aestivation
•Androecium-Stamens 10-Diadelphous
•Gynoecium-Monocarpellary, superior ovary, capitate stigma
•Fruit-Pod-Seeds angular with prominent beak and small hilum
•Pollination–Self pollination

12. Bengal gram-Cicer arietinum (2n=16)

13. Kabuli Desi

14. Desi Kabuli
Plants are dwarf with dark
green leaves
Plants are tall with pale green
leaves
Flowers are purplein colourFlowers are whitein colour
Seeds are dark brown coloured,
wrinkled and smaller in size
Seeds are white coloured,
smooth and larger in size
Test grain wt–17-26 g Test grain wt–more than 26g
Desi type cultivated in more
area
Desi type cultivated in less area
It is adapted to winter climateIt is adapted to spring

15. Soy bean-Glycine max-2n-40
•Origin –China-Manchuria
•Wild relatives
G.ussuriensisX G.tomentosa
Glycine max

17. •Habitat-Sub-tropicalandtropical
•Habit-Herbaceousannual–pubescent(Densehairsonallparts
ofplant)
•Root-Taprootwithnodules
•Stem-Suberectandclimbing
•Leaves-Trifoliate,LongpetaloidandOvateshape

18. •Inflorescence-Terminalraceme-Determinateplant
Axillaryraceme-Indeterminateplant

19. •Flower-Bracteate,Zygomorphic,bisexual,complete,papilonaceous
andpentamerous
•Calyx-Sepals–Fivelobed-Gamosepalous-valvateaestivation
•Corolla-Petals-five-(Onestandard,Twowingandtwokeelpetals),
polypetalous,Papilionaceous,Vexillaryaestivation
•Androecium-Stamens10-Monoadelphous
•Gynoecium-Monocarpellary,superiorovary,capitatestigma
•Fruit-Podslineartooblongprofuselyhairy,Seedsoval-Hilumis
prominentandseedviabilityispoor
•Pollination–Selfpollination

20. Black gram-Vigna mungo, 2n-22
Origin–India
Putativeparent–Vignasublobata

21. •Habitat-Tropical
•Habit-Herbaceousannual–erect,semi-erecttotrailingand30-
100cmtall,plantsdenselyhairy
•Root-Taprootwithnodules
•Stem-Slightlywoody,coveredwithbrownhairs,branchedfrom
thebase
•Leaves-Trifoliate,alternate,petiolate,stipulate,pulvinate,
lanceolate,entire,acute,sparselyhairyonbothsurfaces,
reticulatevenation

22. •Inflorescence-Axillaryraceme
•Flower-Bracteate,pedicellate,Zygomorphic,bisexual,hypogynous,
complete,pentamerous
•Calyx-Fivesepals–Gamosepalous-valvateaestivation
•Corolla-Petals-five-(Onestandard,Twowingandtwokeel
petals),polypetalous,PapilionaceousandVexillaryaestivation
•Androecium-Stamens10-Diadelphous(9+1)
•Gynoecium-Monocarpellary,superiorovarywithmarginal
placentation

23. •Fruit-Pod-Seed: Oblong with square ends, black
Hilum white and concave, seed coat surface is smooth
cotyledons are white in colour
Pollination–Self pollination

24. Green gram-Vigna radiata, 2n-22
Origin–India
Putativeparent–Vignasublobata

25. •Habitat-Tropical
•Habit-Herbaceousannual-withslighttendencyfortwiningin
theupperbranches,plantsparselyhairy
•Root-Taprootwithnodules
•Stem-Erectorsemierectandgreenincolour
•Leaves-Trifoliatewithlongpetioles,stipulate,leafletsentire,
ovate,lobedleavesarealsopresent
•Inflorescence-Axillaryracemes

26. •Inflorescence-Axillaryraceme
•Flower-Bracteate,pedicellate,Zygomorphic,bisexual,hypogynous,
complete,pentamerous
•Calyx-Fivesepals–Gamosepalous-valvateaestivation
•Corolla-Petals-five-(Onestandard,Twowingandtwokeel
petals),polypetalous,PapilionaceousandVexillaryaestivation
•Androecium-Stamens10-Diadelphous(9+1)
•Gynoecium-Monocarpellary,superiorovarywithmarginal
placentation

27. •Fruit-Pod-Seed: Globular, green and the surface has fine wavy
ridges. Hilum white and flat cotyledon is yellow in colour
•Pollination–Self pollination

28. S.N
o.
Characters Blackgram Greengram
1.Plants Densely hairy plantsSparsely hairy plants
2.Leave colourPale green colourDark green colour
3.Petal colourPale yellow colourYellow colour
4.Pod Short Long
5.Seed Oblong with square
ends
Globular
6.Testa Black in colour Green in colour
7.Hilum White and concaveWhite and round
8.Cotyledon White in colour Yellow in colour

29. Cow pea-Vigna unguiculata, 2n-22
Origin–TropicalAfrica
Putativeparent–Vignaunguiculatasp.unguiculata
Vignaunguiculatasp.cylindrica
Vignaunguiculatasp.sesquipedalis

32. •Habitat-SubtropicalandTropical
•Habit-Annual,twining,rarelysuberectanderectherb
•Root-Taprootwithnodules
•Stem-Branchedandslightlyridged
•Leaves-Trifoliate,alternate,stipulate,petiolate,pulvinate,
leafletsovate,entire,acute,reticulatevenation
•Inflorescence-Axillaryracemes

33. •Inflorescence-Axillaryraceme
•Flower-Pedicellate,bracteate,Zygomorphic,bisexual,hypogynous,
complete,pentamerous
•Calyx-Fivesepals–Gamosepalous-valvateaestivation
•Corolla-Petals-five-(Onestandard,Twowingandtwokeel
petals),polypetalous,PapilionaceousandVexillaryaestivation
•Androecium-Stamens10-Diadelphous(9+1)
•Gynoecium-Monocarpellary,superiorovary

34. •Fruit-Pod-Seed: Sub reinform to sub globose
•Pollination–Self pollination

35. Lablab –Lablab purpureus, 2n-22, 24

36. •Habitat-Tropical
•Habit-Trailingannualherb
•Root-Taprootwithnodules
•Stem-Solid,cylindrical,herbaceous,strongtwinner
•Leaves-Trifoliate,alternate,stipulate,petiolate,pulvinate,
leafletsovate,entire,acute,reticulatevenation
•Inflorescence-Axillaryraceme

37. •Flower-Pedicellate,bracteate,Zygomorphic,bisexual,hypogynous,
complete,pentamerous
•Calyx-Fivesepals–Gamosepalous-valvateaestivation
•Corolla-Petals-five-(Onestandard,Twowingandtwokeel
petals),polypetalous,PapilionaceousandVexillaryaestivation
•Androecium-Stamens10-Diadelphous(9+1)
•Gynoecium-Monocarpellary,superiorovary
•Fruit-Pod-Seed:Non-endospermous,largesize,thick,ovoid
•Pollination-Selfpollination

38. S.No.CharactersGarden bean/ Avarai
Lablab purpureusvar.
typicus
Field bean/ Mochai
Lablab purpureusvar.
lignosus
1. Habit Perennial Annual
2. Plant partsNo pungent smell Has pungent smell
3. Flower White or purple Usually, white
4. Pericarp Slender or soft Tough and firm
5. Seeds Long axis of seeds are
parallel to the length of the
fruit
Long axis of seeds are
at right angle to the
length of the fruit
6. Edible partWhole fruit Generally, seed alone