Punches

Cutting Tools in Metal Works and Welding

1. Cutting Tools (specifically on Punches)

2. Introduction What is punches? Solid Type What is Solid Type Punch? Different kinds & function How to Use Care of the tools Hollow Type How to use and care of punches What is Hollow Punch? How to protect the working end

3. What is punches? - Workshop uses punches for locating centers for drawing circles, - to punch holes in sheet metals, - to start holes for drilling, - to remove damage rivets, bolts or pins and; - to transfer location of holes in patterns

4. 2 Basic Types of Punches SOLID TYPE HOLLOW TYPE

5. What is SOLID TYPE? - are the one-piece rod shaped tools made of metal designed to be struck by hammer, - it is used to mark metal, drive pins, align holes and to do other similar jobs to form on a work piece - can vary in diameter, length and tip, depending on the job to be performed

6. What is HOLLOW TYPE? - are usually designed for punching holes in leather, paper and other similar materials to create a hole - is easily identified by its “exit hole” located near the working end - the exit hole allows the punched material to be removed and discarded - the working end can vary in shape and size depending on the hole required and the material being pierced

7. MOST COMMON SOLID PUNCHES PIN PUNCHES - used to drive or remove pins, after been loosened by a taper punch

8. PILOT PUNCHES - also known as “ROLL PIN PUNCHES”, they are designed to drive or remove hollow tension pins, such as tapered & rolled or solid pins MOST COMMON SOLID PUNCHES

9. TAPER PUNCHES - designed for loosening and driving pins, - can also be used to align existing holes in 2 or more work pieces prior to bolting or riveting MOST COMMON SOLID PUNCHES

10. CENTER PUNCHES - also known as “OCTAGNAL PUNCHES”, used to make a mark on a material where a hole will be drilled, when struck a small indentation is made in the work piece MOST COMMON SOLID PUNCHES

11. PRICK PUNCHES - also known as “DOT PUNCHES”, essentially the same as the center punch only it is designed for used in soft materials, can also be used to scribe marking lined prior to cutting or riveting MOST COMMON SOLID PUNCHES

12. ALIGNING PUNCHES - used to align 2 or more holes in order to permit the insertion of a fastener - is not meant to be struck and therefore not recommended for driving pins, rivets or bolts MOST COMMON SOLID PUNCHES

13. Grabbing a PIN PUNCH to break/loose a pin, when the proper tool to use would be a TAPERED PUNCH COMMON MISTAKES AND CORRECT USE A TAPERED PUNCH is specifically designed to take the heavy pounding needed to loosen pins

14. Using a PIN PUNCH to start the initial removal can damage punch and the part being driven, the result is reduced productivity and increased risk to personal safety COMMON MISTAKES AND CORRECT USE

15. The correct approach for breaking a pin loose is to start with a taper punch then switch to the pin punch to complete the removal For this reason, it is highly recommended that mechanics have a matching tapered punch every pin punch in their tool box COMMON MISTAKES AND CORRECT USE

16. It is recommended that a board made of either wood or plastic be placed between work surface and material being pierced This board should be strong enough to protect the work surface and yet soft enough to prevent the working end from being damage HOW TO PROTECT THE WORKING END

17. PRICK OR DOT PUNCH CENTER OR OCTAGONAL PUNCHES METAL WORKS

18. 60° point OR DOT PUNCH PRICK PUNCH

19. What is prick/dot punch? - has a long conical-shaped point ranges from 3-5 inches in length overall, - it is used to mark soft metal, - is used to precisely create a dimple in metal for layout work or further expansion by a center punch - has a shaper point than a center punch which can help in initial placement and with a 60 ° point - useful for placing reference marks on metal

20. STEPS IN USING PRICK PUNCH IN PLACING REFERENCE

21. FIRST : Wear safety gears SECOND : You will need to place the paper pattern directly on the metal and orient it correctly THIRD : Now go over the outline of the pattern with the prick punch FOURTH : Tap it lightly with a small hammer so that the punch makes slight indentation on the metal at major points on the drawing FIFTH : Use these indentations as reference marks for cutting the metal 5 STEPS:

22. REMEMBER : Be careful NEVER TO STRIKE A HEAVY BLOW with the hammer as it may cause the PRICK PUNCH to bend or even damage the work material excessively

23. Automatic Type Hand-held Type 90° point OR DIAGONAL PUNCH CENTER PUNCH

24. What is center /octagonal punch? - is useful when making large indentations in metal, such as necessary to engage a twist drill - usually a center punch is heavier than a prick punch and has a point ground to an angle of 60 ° point

25. HAND-HELD TYPE THE AUTOMATIC TYPE 2 Kinds of Center Punches

26. HAND-HELD TYPE - has a narrow, cone-shaped point terminating in a sharp conical tip - hand-held types; range from 1/8 to 5/8 inches in diameter and from 3 to 6 inches in long - the hand-held punch must be stuck with a hammer

27. Hand-held Type 90° point

28. AUTOMATIC TYPE - it has an adjustable regulator for determining the impact of the punch - it has also interchangeable points - the automatic punch contains a tension spring for marking without the use of a hammer

29. Automatic Type 90° point

30. PARTS OF A PUNCH TOOL

31. -It is where you can place your fingers to hold your punch HEAD SHANK TIP PARTS OF A PUNCH -It is where you can stuck your hammer -It is used to make a mark in locating the center for drilling

32. HOW TO USE A PUNCH TOOL

33. FIRST : Wear safety gears SECOND : The punch must be held at a slight angle while the point is placed THIRD : Then, straighten it up until it is exactly perpendicular to the surface of the metal FOURTH : Hold the shank of the punch between the thumb and the first and second fingers FIFTH : Using the machinist’s hammer, make several quick taps in line with the punch 5 STEPS FOR PRICK PUNCH:

34. PRICK PUNCH:

35. CENTER PUNCH:

36. CENTER PUNCH:

37. CENTER PUNCH:

38. CENTER PUNCH:

39. CENTER PUNCH:

40. Care of Punches

41. Care of Punches

42. Thank You ! 