Pyelonephritis in ahn and pathology..pptx

This presentation about pyelonephritis.in including introduction, definition, classification, etiology, clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, nursing role, diagnostic evaluation, complications....

1. Pyelonephritis F.i.solanki

2. Pyelonephritis is an inflammation of the kidney parenchyma and renal pelvis, usually caused by bacterial infection that ascends from the lower urinary tract (bladder and urethra) or spreads via the bloodstream. It can be acute (sudden, severe symptoms) or chronic (persistent or recurrent infection leading to kidney scarring). Introduction

3. Definition Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the renal pelvis and kidney tissue, characterized by inflammation, swelling, and in severe cases, destruction of kidney structures.

4. Classification Acute Pyelonephritis - sudden onset, severe symptom 2 . Chronic Pyelonephritis – persistent/recurrent infection → scarring

5. Etiology Infectious causes Pregnancy
Diabetes mellitus
Immunosuppression
Indwelling catheters Urinary tract obstruction (stones, tumors , enlarged prostate)
Vesicoureteral reflux (backflow of urine from blad › ureter)

6. Pathophysiology Bacterial entry (Ascending/hematogenous) Predisposing factors (Obstruction,VUR,DM) Colonization (E.coli adhesion) Inflammation (Neutrophils,cytokines) Acute pyelonephritis (Abscess, necrosis) Chronic pyelonephritis (Fibrosis, scarring)

7. History & Physical Exam Urinalysis Urine culture Blood Test MRI CT SCAN Ultrasound Diagnostic evaluation

8. Management A. Medical antibiotics initially (e.g., IV ceftriaxone)
Analgesics, antipyretics
Adequate hydration
Manage underlying causes (stone removal, catheter change)

9. 2.Dietary Adequate fluids (unless contraindicated in renal failure) Balanced diet to support immune function 3.Surgical Management
Drainage of renal abscess
Removal of obstructing stones or strictures
Surgery for vesicoureteral reflux correction (in recurrent cases)
Nephrectomy

10. Nursing responsibility 1.Assessment: Monitor vitals, especially temperature & Bp Asses pain location & severity Monitor urine output, color, 2. interventions: Encourage oral fluids (2-3 L/day if not contraindicated) Administer antibiotics on schedule Provide warm compress to flank area for pain relief Educate patient for regular medicine

11. 3. Prevention : Teach proper perineal hygiene Encourage regular urination, especially after intercourse Avoid unnecessary catheterization

12. Sepsis Renal abscess Chronic pyelonephritis → chronic kidney diseases Papillary necrosis Hypertension Complications

13. Thank you .....