Pyelonephritis.pptxhshshhshshshshshhuuuu

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1. P yelonephritis Bhaswati sil

2. Definition: pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of one or both kidneys. Causes: Infection of the bladder and urinary tract Repeated catheterizations Structural abnormality, obstruction, bladder cancer, kidney stone, prostate cancer. Trauma Urethrovesical reflux Diabetes mallitus

3. types of pyelonephritis : Acute chronic Xanthogranulomatous

4. Acute pyelonephritis : acute pyelonephritis is an sudden development of kidney inflammation . It can be severe in elderly & people who have cancer or AIDS.

5. Causes: Vesicourethral reflux Kidney stones UTI Neurogenic bladder Benign prostate hyperplasia Diabetes mellitus.

6. Clinical features: Acute onset of pain Fever and chills Lumber tenderness Frequency of micturation On examination urine will show bacteria in excess of 100000/ml pus cells.

7. Complications: Papillary necrosis Pyonephrosis Perinephric abscess

8. Chronic pyelonephritis : it implies kidney infection & chronic tubulointerstitial disease resulting in repeated attacks of inflammation & scarring. It can be two types. A) chronic obstructive pyelonephritis - obstruction to the outflow of urine at different levels predispose the kidney to infection. B) reflux pyelonephritis : reflux of the urine from the bladder into one or both the ureters during micturation is the major cause of chronic pyelonephritis .

9. clinical features: Fever Lumber tenderness Dysuria Pyouria Hypertension Frequency of micturation bacteriuria

10. Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis : it is an unusual form of chronic pyelonephritis characterized by granulomatous abscess formation, severe kidney distruction and clinical pictures that may resemble renal cell carcinoma and other inflammatory renal parenchymal diseases

11. Clinical menifestation urosepsis Anemia Painfull renal mass Kidney stones Loss of function of the affected kidney

12. Diagnostic evaluation: CBC: elevated white blood cell count Urinalysis : pus cell bacteria and blood Urine C/S USG Intravenous urography : determines obstruction

13. Nursing management

14. Complications: Renal abscess Chronic pyelonephritis that may lead to scarring of kidney End stage renal disease(ESRD) Sepsis

15. Surgical management: Surgery to remove renal calculi.