Pyhsiotherapy and Robotic Devices.pptx

At the end of this presentation, you will be able to understand what is physiotherapy and what kind of robotic devices we use. Those robotic devices have been very helpful but it can be a little challenging for us to utilize all the types of devices. The physiotherapist should know about the devices that he/she uses and have experience with it and that can be a disadvantage of the robotic devices. We have a lot of types of robotic devices for all kinds of disabilities. The patients can have more confidence and be more focused during the sessions. The devices have been an advantage for physiotherapists as well. It helps physiotherapists not to burnout during the sessions. Especially patients with disabilities like difficulty walking or even standing up. The future of physiotherapy and robotic devices is still in progress and let's see what it can bring us.

1. Physiotherapy and Robotic Devices

2. What is Physiotherapy ? Physiotherapy as described by World Physiotherapy is a healthcare profession concerned with human function and movement and maximizing physical potential. It is concerned with identifying and maximizing quality of life and movement potential within the spheres of promotion, prevention, treatment/intervention, habilitation , and rehabilitation.

3. What Is Robotic Therapy? Robotic therapy is therapy enhanced by the use of carefully engineered technology. The technology may be designed to help patients perform a very specific task. The therapy robots are able to collect performance data and objectively measure progress.

4. Robotic Technology in Rehabilitation Robotic rehabilitation and assistive technologies promise to ease the stress on physiotherap ists and control expenses while refining patients ’ quality of life. Emerging technologies can provide additional therapeutic exercises through robotic interventions, while intelligent prosthetics can enable patients with developmental conditions or motor impairment to gain more independence.

5. Robotic Technology in Rehabilitation ( Cont .) Robotic technology designed to assist rehabilitation can potentially increase the efficiency of and accessibility to therapy by assisting therapists to provide consistent training for extended periods of time and collecting data to assess progress. The data collected can be used to objectively assess performance and document compliance as well as progress. All of these characteristics can make therapists more efficient in treating larger numbers of patients. Most importantly for the patient, it can increase access to therapy which is often in high demand and rationed severely in today’s fiscal climate.

6. Robotic Technology in Rehabilitation ( Cont .) The first robotic device designed specifically for rehabilitation, the MIT-Manus, was built in 1992 and offered two degree-of-freedom motion of the shoulder and elbow in the horizontal plane while guiding the motion of the user’s arm along a trajectory with varying degrees of firmness. The use of robots in rehabilitation has since grown substantially, and it has been verified that robotics-based regimens have outcomes similar to or better than those of traditional therapy

7. Advantages and Disadvantages of Robotic Rehabilitation Advantages Disadvantages

8. Types of Robotic Devices in Physiotherapy

9. Rehabilitation Robots and Their Classifications According to Robot Treatment Approaches : Rehabilitation robots can be classified into two types, according to their treatment approaches. The first approach is continuous passive movement (CPM). CPM requires no volunteer effort performed by the patient where the limb is controlled and moved by the robot. CPM treatment reduces muscle tone, which eventually improves the mobility of muscles, joints , and tendons . The second approach is active-assisted movement, where the robot requires a signal from the patient to perform the movement. This signal could be an electromyogram (EMG) and follows the patient’s intention to move the limb .

10. Rehabilitation Robots and Their Classifications According to the Robot Structures : Rehabilitation robots are also classified as end-effectors and exoskeleton robots. End-effectors are simple robots that have a distal movable handle, and the patient attaches his/her hand to this handle and follows a specific trajectory. This kind of robot is characterized by its ability to adapt to different sizes and shapes of movements, as the rehabilitation process requires . End-effectors have been developed recently to provide bilateral rehabilitation training, where the impaired limb copies the movement of the unimpaired limb in a synchronized behavior .

11. Rehabilitation Robots and Their Classifications Exoskeleton robots are characterized by encapsulating the limb with a splint or bionic structure. Exoskeleton robots calculate the required torque for each joint and control the limb movements. In comparison with end-effector robots, exoskeletons require a smaller working environment. Exoskeleton robots, however, comprise the limb joint axes as they provide a very specific movement.

12. Examples of Rehabilitation Robots Phoenix Phoenix is an exoskeleton that has motors that control hip and knee movements. Its average walking speed is 1.1 miles/hour, and its battery life allows for approximately 4 hours of continuous walking. It is meant for use in the clinic and community .

13. Examples of Rehabilitation Robots Ekso GT It is designed to be used in the clinic with the supervision and guidance of a physical therapist for SCI (C7 and below) or stroke

14. Examples of Rehabilitation Robots Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL) HAL is a lightweight power assistive device that uses a technology that senses electrical signals sent from the brain to the muscles (through surface electromyography and ground reaction force sensors) and initiates the required movement for the patient.

15. Examples of Rehabilitation Robots Lokomat Lokomat is the most popular BWSTT exoskeleton, and it’s been used for over 280 gait rehabilitation studies with various patient populations

16. Examples of Rehabilitation Robots The Armeo Spring The Armeo Spring is based on an ergonomic arm exoskeleton with integrated springs for arm weight support. It embraces the entire arm to reduce or eliminate the effects of gravity so that the patient can produce greater movements that would not be possible using traditional methods. It involves virtual reality training to help the affected arm’s ability to function better in the real world. Instant computerized feedback on performance is provided, which is key to skill acquisition and refinement. In addition to its treatment benefits, Armeo Spring has assessment components that document objective progress over time.

17. Examples of Rehabilitation Robots Bi-Manu-Track The Bi-Manu-Track enables patients to perform pronation/supination and exercises to train wrist flexion and extension. Thanks to the ability to perform all exercises symmetrically or mirrored, the Bi-Manu-Track opens a broad range of applications.

18. Examples of Rehabilitation Robots AMADEO The AMADEO is the most advanced robotic-assisted finger-hand therapy device worldwide and is the very latest in a long row of clinically tried and tested robotic and computer-assisted therapy devices for the hand, fingers , and thumb.

19. Examples of Rehabilitation Robots Erigo A vertical passive motion device ( Erigo ), a tilt table, a continuous passive motion device , and a combination of three devices we call functional electrical stimulation, is a device that can be used intensively in patients who cannot move and are bedridden, especially in the early stages of their treatment. It can be applied to patients whose mobility is severely restricted or lost as a result of various diseases such as stroke, spinal cord injury, and Parkinson's disease, and who need an intensive rehabilitation program.

20. Future of Robotics Currently, present-day gait robotics cannot generate the power and force necessary for running and jumping rehabilitation. In the future, development in this area will be beneficial to athletes rehabilitating from a spinal cord injury. Batteries are also being further developed to maximize their life, size, weight, and ease to recharge. Other areas of robotic technology that are currently being focused on include developing lighter-weight technology, making devices accessible off-the-counter , and combining virtual reality and video games to maximize patient motivation .

21. References Steven Hua , Brandon Graham, Sebastian Wozniak , Eric Beech / Robotic Rehabilitation for the Lower Extremity / Physiopedia . Bentzen Takyi , Michael Richards, and Richard Iheadindu as part of the Queen's University Neuromotor Function Project / Upper Extremity Rehabilitation using Robotics / Physiopedia . Robotic Technology & Advanced Physical Therapy Tools / Bacharach Jeffrey Laut , Maurizio Porfiri, and Preeti Raghavan / The Present and Future of Robotic Technology in Rehabilitation / Curr Phys Med Rehabil Rep . 2016 Dec ; 4(4): 312–319. By Smita Deshmukh , Transparency Market Research / October 21, 2019 / Robotic rehabilitation and assistive technologies to revolutionize physiotherapy . 11/19/19, 07:50 AM / Mobile Robots / Len Calderone - Contributing Author / Medical and Service Hassan Qassim /03 Nov 2020/ Computer Science , Artificial Intelligence / Rehabilitation Robots Pate Rehabilitation Corporate Offices / Armeo Spring Movement Therapy https://www.neurorehabdirectory.com/rehab-products/bi-manu-track/#:~:text=The%20Bi%2DManu%2DTrack%20enables,a%20broad%20range%20of%20applications. https://www.ectron.co.uk/amadeo-robotic-hand-therapy1#:~:text=The%20AMADEO%20is%20the%20most,the%20hand%2C%20fingers%20and%20thumb. https://summitmedsci.co.uk/products/hocoma-erigo/#:~:text=The%20Erigo%20combines%20gradual%20verticalisation,of%20the%20central%20nervous%20system. https://www.madeformovement.com/robotic-rehabilitation-therapy Professor Richard Mitchell/ Advantages and disadvantages of robots /© University of Reading Jan Mehrholz and Marcus Pohl / 05 June 2014/ Cambridge University / Rehabilitation robotics, orthotics, and prosthetics: lower limb

22. Thank you Prepared by ; Selina Deniz Bakıcı