Pyometra in cow

Pyometra in cow

1. A Presentation On Pyometra in Cow Department of Surgery and Obstetrics Bangladesh Agricultural University ID. No. : 1401155 Reg. No. : 41300

2. Outline What is pyometra Predisposing factors Etiology Epidemiology Pathogenesis Classification Diagnosis Treatment Prevention

3. Pyometra Pyometra is the infection in the uterus, resulting in the accumulation of infective fluid (pus) within the cavity of this organ. Fig: Pyometra in cow

4. Predisposing factors Abortion Premature birth Twin births Dystocia Retained placenta Septic metritis Postpartum metritis

5. Epidemiology Pyometra is common in cow and bitch Rarely in ewes and sows More common in old cows than young ones Most often during early post partum period (15-60 days post-partum) In 2015 a study was published about Pyometra at Potiya ,in Chittagonge ,at least 20 cows are affected in Pyometra

6. Pathogenesis During the puerperal period Mixed bacterial populations in the uterus. The number of bacteria increased within several days. In the intermediate period, pathogenic bacteria are eliminated from the uterus of normal cows If conditions are favourable , C. pyogenes , Fusobacterium necrophorum and Bacteroides spp. get established

7. cont’d Cause endometritis or metritis and are usually a signal for pyometra Chronic inflammed endometrium does not form PGF2a. Persistant of CL Secretion of progesterone Cervix remains closed Favours the growth of micro-organisms Stimulate exudation of a large number leucocytes resulting in pus formation

8. Classification 1. Open pyometra If the cervix is open, the infected material can leave the body. This is called open pyometra . It is more easier and safer to treat. 2 . Closed pyometra Here the cervix is fully closed, there is no discharge from the vulva , it is called closed pyometra . The uterus may rupture and pus escapes into the abdomen, causing peritonitis and possible rapid death.

9. cont’d Figure: Open pyometra Figure: Closed pyometra

10. Diagnosis History: It includes Age of the animal Date of insemination Come back in heat after 21, 40 days of insemination Abnormal cyclicity Clinical findings: It includes Purulent or mucopurulent discharge from the vagina Larger abdomen Dullness, anorexia Decressed milk production

11. cont’d Physical examination: On rectal palpation _ The cervix may remain close or open Uterus feel like 2-3 months of pregnancy Corpus luteum persists Uterine wall feels thicker No uterine caruncles and fremitus There is not possible to slip alantochorion fetal membrane On pressure on the uterus the pus come out through the vagina

12. Pregnancy vs Pyometra Pyometra Pregnancy On rectal palpation uterine wall feels thicker than pregnancy On rectal palpation uterine wall feels thinner Uterus is more doughy Uterus feels like a thick rubber ballon It is not possible to slip Allantochorion membrane It is possible to slip allantochorion fetal membrane Fremitus absent Fremitus present Uterine caruncles absent Uterine caruncles present

13. cont’d Fig.: Pyometra in cow Fig.: Ultrasonograph of pyometra

14. Treatment 1. Hormonal therapy (a) Oestrogen and Oxytocin therapy: Oestradiol valerate 3-10 mg . IM followed by Oxytocin 20 IU-40 IU 24 hours later to sensitize the myometrium and dilate the cervix. Within 24 to 72 hours, most or all of the pus is usually expelled (b) Oestrogen and glucocorticoid therapy: The use of oestradiol valerate (10 mg) followed by dexamethasone (10 mg) have good result ,where estrogen alone has failed .

15. cont’d 2. Antimicrobial therapy Parenteral antibiotics should be administered during hormonal treatment Antibacterial drug is to be infused into the uterine lumen after expulsion of pus penicillin (10-40 lakh IU) for 3-5 days Other antibacterials such as tetracyclines or ampicillin are also useful

16. Cont’d 3. Surgical treatment Spaying ( ovariohysterectomy ) completely removes the infection Spayed animals do very rarely develop Ovariohysterectomy is currently most effective and safest treatment Figure: Uterus during surgery Figure: Surgically removed uterus

17. Post operative care Antibiotic therapy Encourage eating and drinking Check incision for signs of infection Administered intravanous fluid if necessary

18. Prevention Good sanitation and controlled breeding program Virgin heifers should be mated only trichomonoiasis free bulls. Physical examination should be done before breeding. Infected bulls should be removed from the herd. AI should be done by trained technician.