Q1-Lesson-2-Human-Culture-Variations.pptx

UCSP 12

1. HUMAN CULTURAL VARIATIONS Lesson 2

2. From Pre-Colonial to Present GENDER and GENDER ROLES

3. Note to Self Gender refers to social, cultural, and psychological characteristics or traits related to males and females based on certain social contexts. Gender roles refer to attitudes and behaviors that the society expects a person to exhibit based on his/her sex.

4. NOTE TO SELF During pre-colonial Philippines , males and females enjoy the same rights and privileges . Gender roles during the colonial period had changed drastically .

5. From Pre-Colonial to Present Socio economic class

6. PRE-COLONIAL PERIOD Barangay was headed by DATU or RAHA 3 DIFFERENT GROUPS : 1) Maharlika 2) Timawa 3) Alipin

7. MAHARLIKA (LEADERS AND ROYALS) First social class Composed of the leaders ( datus and their families) Also called the group of maginoo , raha , or gat

8. TIMAWA (FREEMEN) Second or Middle class Composed of all the freemen in the barangay Consists of warriors, workers, and others who are not under debt bondage Have their own property (houses and land)

9. ALIPIN (SLAVES) Third Class Serve another person or family as payment for debt Became an alipin when the family lose in a war with another family Are not bound to their master for life

10. 2 KINDS OF ALIPIN Aliping Namamahay Has property Often from timawa class and became alipin because of debt or as punishment for a wrongdoing Aliping Saguiguilid Does not have the right to own property Captives in war Can be sold or exchanged for goods or other alipin

11. SPANISH COLONIAL PERIOD Divided based on ANCESTRY: Peninsulares Insulares Mestizo Indio

12. PENINSULARES Spaniards in the Philippines who were born in Spain Came from “peninsula”, came directly from the Spanish peninsula

13. INSULARES Spaniards who were of Spanish descent but were born in the Philippines Came from the word “insular” meaning “from the islands”

14. MESTIZO Those of mixed ancestry Usually children of Spanish and Chinese couples or of Spanish and Indio couples Have both economic and political power

15. INDIO Consist of natives The lowest class in the society Were stripped of their rights and freedom and were forced to bow down to the Spanish colonizers

16. PRINCIPALIA Consist of native leaders in the government and their families The children of the principalia who usually studied in Europe ILUSTRADOS

17. MODERN PERIOD HIGH-INCOME CLASS (P200,000/ mo or 2.4M/ yr ) ; rich class MIDDLE CLASS (average of P36,000/ mo ) LOW-INCOME CLASS (less than P10,000/ mo )

18. SOCIAL MOBILITY is the movement of people or families within or between different levels in the society. is the division of society based on occupation and income, wealth or power SOCIAL STRATIFICATION

19. And Its Issues ETHNICITY

20. ETHNICITY refers to a group of people, also called ETHNIC GROUP, who have a common or shared culture, language, history, religion, and tradition. Ex. Filipinos, Malays, Anglo-Saxons, and Muslims

21. RACE refers to a group of people who share the same physical attributes, such as skin color, height, facial features RACES: Caucasian, Mongoloid, Negroid

22. ETHNOLINGUISTIC GROUPS IN THE PHILIPPINES 8 MAJOR ETHNOLINGUISTIC GROUPS 1. Ilokano 6. Ilonggo 2. Kapampangan 7. Cebuano 3. Pangasinense 8. Binisaya (Waray) 4. Tagalog 5. Bikolano OTHER ETHNOLINGUISTIC GROUPS Ibanag Tausug Ivatan T’boli Sambal Subanon

23. ISSUES ABOUT RACE AND ETHNICITY RACISM is a discrimination or prejudice based on one’s race ETHNOCENTRICISM is a discrimination or prejudice based on one’s culture GENOCIDE is the elimination of a group of people from the same race, ethnic group, religion, or nation. ETHNIC CLEANSING is the harassment, rape, or forced migration of an ethnic group to banish them from a certain area.

24. Definition and Kinds RELIGION

25. RELIGION a set of practices and behaviors that relate to a group of people’s belief in a God or a group of Gods Some Examples: CHRISTIANITY, ISLAM, HINDUISM, TAOISM, BUDDHISM

26. Definition exceptionality

27. EXCEPTIONALITY a quality or a characteristic of a person that makes him or her different from an established norm in a society various physical and mental interference or problems that affect a person and which makes it difficult for him/her to function properly in society

28. OVERCOMING CHALLENGES AND PROBLEMS REPUBLIC ACT 7277 or the MAGNA CARTA FOR PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES (PWDs) in 1991

29. Definition NATIOnality

30. NATION is a large aggregate of people united by common descent, history, culture, language, and economic life inhabiting a particular country or territory

31. NATIONALITY a person’s instinctive membership to a specific nation or country Acquired by birth/blood (jus sanguinis) or by land or the country where he is born (jus soli)

32. NATIONALITY An individual becomes a citizen of a country only when he is accepted into that country’s political framework through legal terms.

33. NATIONALITY No one will be able to change his nationality, but one can have different citizenships. Administrative Naturalization Law of 2000 (R.A. 9139) Statelessness is not having a nationality of any country.