Qualitative analysis

Qualitative Analysis

1. Qualitative Analysis

2. Qualitative - relating to how good something is . Analysis - a careful study about something Qualitative Analysis - is a securities analysis that uses subjective judgment based on unquantifiable information.

3. Qualitative Research - a primarily exploratory research. It is used to gain an understanding of underlying reasons, opinions, and motivations. It is also used to uncover trends in thought and opinions, and dive deeper into the problem.

4. Some common methods include focus groups, individual interviews, and participation/observations . The sample size is typically small, and respondents are selected to fulfil a given data.

5. Purpose Share ways in which we have used Qualitative data to strengthen our work. Not all topics in language nor literature can be measured statistically. Viewpoints, actions and characteristics can’t always be represented numerically and so need a qualitative approach.

6. Share ways in which we have used Qualitative Qualitative inquiry allows us to ask different types of questions that surveys alone might not be appropriate for. An accessible introduction to this type of research might allow for your offices to expand their thinking to more deeply explore student needs .

7. For example... ● A survey question might present a statement such as: “ Attending event enhanced my understanding of diversity.” Then the respondent would fill in their answer on a scale ( strongly agree to strongly disagree). However, a qualitative question might ask:

8. “How was your understanding of diversity affected by attending event?” Categories of Approaches Reflection - This approach is aimed at gaining an insights into the thinking processes and opinions of the test taker.

9. Verbal reports or verbal protocols - are a way of collecting qualitative data. They offer an insight into the thought processes of informants. Types of Verbal Reports ► Think aloud - asking learners to verbalize their thought processes while they are involved in processing language, typically reading a text or writing an essay.

10. ► Retrospective - learners verbalize their thought processes immediately after they process the language. 3. . Diary Studies - informants keep a diary which allows researchers to get an insight into their thoughts. Diaries are not often used in test validation research, but they have proven their worth in research into learning processes.

11. Advantages and disadvantages of Diary Studies ■ Advantages - greater coverage of types and locations of participants. - participants classify their activities, rather than an observer who may not have the technical knowledge. - All time can be recorded, rather than when an observer is present.

12. ■ Potential problems - selecting participants who can express themselves well. - providing encouragement over the record-keeping period. - risk of recording bias by participants. - comparison may be difficult if sample is not homogeneous.

13. TECHNIQUES FOR MONITORING STUDENT PROGRESS Make video and audio recordings of a variety of formal and informal oral language experiences, and then assess these according to pre-determined criteria which are based upon student needs and curriculum objectives.

14. Use checklists as concise methods of collecting information, and rating scales of rubrics to assess student achievement. Record anecdotal comments to provide useful data based upon observation of students’ oral activities.

15. Reasons to use Qualitative methods to Assess Student Learning Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences( 1993 ) reinforced the notion that learning goals, curriculum, instruction, and related endeavors should be integrated as part of assessment and accountability system. The theory specifically states that students need to be able to show their understanding in many different ways and that institutions should develop modes of assessment that “ contribute to enlightened educational goals”( 1993 p.163)

16. The reason is that often quantitative measures such as test examine specific domains that may or may not represent the knowledge or abilities of individual students. One of the arguments in favor of quantitative assessments in their capacity to effectively predict future student performance and outcomes. However, the predictive usefulness of quantitative measurement often extends no m ore than the next year of course work. Therefore, these measures not only fail to properly assess the ability and skills of different intelligence types.

17. A qualitative asessment approach that centers students and their experiences while measuring their skills and abilities in deep and meaningful ways. Portfolios are one of the best-known qualitative techniques used to evaluate student learning in higher education.

18. Good types of qualitative wording for research questions Meaning Outline How Generate What Identify Describe

19. Examples of effective qualitative research questions Poor Example Good Example How much time do you listen to rock music a week ? Reason: This would be a much more suitable quantitative research question, as it enables you to collect data. However, from a qualitative viewpoint, the data could not be used to create a judgment or perception as the data is just factual information. Why do you prefer listening to rock music more than other music genres? Reason: This is a considerably more subjective question, the results of which could potentially lead to you forming the basis of a more credible argument.

20. Poor Example Good Example What is the meaning of life? Reason: This type of question is far too broad and lacking in focus to be used as the basis of any type of research study. Could you describe the most important factors in your life? Reason: Again, this question is much more subjective, giving the respondent the opportunity to provide more reason, personal response that can form the basis of a credible argument.

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