Quality Managementtt in Construction .pdf

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1. Quality Management in Quality Management in
Construction ProjectsConstruction Projects
Introduction to Project ManagementIntroduction to Project Management
Historical Background about QMHistorical Background about QM
Project Quality management SystemProject Quality management System
Quality Problem assessment (Case)Quality Problem assessment (Case)
Cost of Quality Management Cost of Quality Management
ITP ITP

2. What is Project ? What is Project ?
1.1.Any new structure, plant, process Any new structure, plant, process
,system or software, large or small, or ,system or software, large or small, or
the replacement, renewal or removal of the replacement, renewal or removal of
an existing one .an existing one .
2.2.It is oneIt is one--off investmentoff investment
3.3.A project is an investment of resources A project is an investment of resources
to produce goods or servicesto produce goods or services

3. What is Project Management?What is Project Management?
ooProject management is the planning Project management is the planning
,organizing ,leading, controlling of all ,organizing ,leading, controlling of all
aspects of a project to achieve project aspects of a project to achieve project
objectives safely and within a defined objectives safely and within a defined
time ,cost, qualitytime ,cost, quality
Quality

4. Project stakeholdersProject stakeholders
1.1.Client.Client.
2.2.FinancerFinancer
3.3.Design Agent.Design Agent.
4.4.Consultant Agent.Consultant Agent.
5.5.Construction Agent.Construction Agent.
6.6.Authorities.Authorities.
7.7.Material Suppliers.Material Suppliers.
8.8.Human ResourcesHuman Resources
9.9.End userEnd user
10.10.othersothers

5. Project DocumentsProject Documents
AgreementAgreement
General SpecificationGeneral Specification
Special SpecificationSpecial Specification
DrawingsDrawings
General condition of ContractGeneral condition of Contract
Special condition of contractSpecial condition of contract

6. 66
Quality ManagementQuality Management
The HistoryThe History
Operator Quality Control
Quality Control Inspector
QA/QC
Total Quality Management
Business Excellence Model

7. Only One way Decision Regardless
it is accepted or rejected
Every thing
is OK ,Sir
Operator Quality Control

8. 1.More technical problems occurred, requiring
specialized skills, often not possessed by production
workers
2.The inspectors lacked training
3.Inspectors were ordered to accept defective goods, to increase
production.
4.Skilled workers were promoted into other roles, leaving less
unskilled workers to perform the operational jobs.
5.Quality seem to be inspectors Responsibility
Quality Control Inspector

9. Inspectors are organized in departments with Inspectors are organized in departments with
chief inspectorchief inspector
Chief inspector is Reporting to GMChief inspector is Reporting to GM
It became clear that the responsibilities of the
“chief inspector” were more than just product
acceptance, and a need to address defect
prevention emerged.
Standards, training, data recording, testing
Equipment check ,…ect
QA/QC

10. A philosophy of management of the A philosophy of management of the
entire organization entire organization
Quality the responsibility of all Quality the responsibility of all
Total Quality Management

11. Management Commitment
(plan ,direct ,support ,participate ,review ,recognize,… )
Employee Empowerment
(Training , Suggestion scheme, Measurement and recognition,
Excellence teams )
Fact Based Decision Making
(statistical process control, Team Oriented Problem Solving)
Continuous Improvement
(Systematic measurement , Cross-functional process management ,
Attain, maintain, improve standards )
Customer Focus
(Supplier partnership, Service relationship with internal customers ,
Never compromise quality , Customer driven standards
Principles of TQM

12. Quality management in constructionQuality management in construction
1.1.To produce a structure which satisfies To produce a structure which satisfies
the client the client
2.2.To produce a structure where quality is To produce a structure where quality is
related to the price. related to the price.
3.3.To produce a structure in which To produce a structure in which
sufficient time is allowed to obtain the sufficient time is allowed to obtain the
desired quality. desired quality.

13. Quality And GradeQuality And Grade
Grade : level of Services/productGrade : level of Services/product
Quality : Conformity to specifications Quality : Conformity to specifications
&fitness to use&fitness to use

14. The Way to QualityThe Way to Quality
No Quality without PlanningNo Quality without Planning
Quality Planning Quality Planning ––Quality systemQuality system

15. Project Quality Project Quality
ManagementManagement
Quality management is a method for ensuring Quality management is a method for ensuring
that all the activities necessary to design, that all the activities necessary to design,
develop and implement a product or service develop and implement a product or service
are effective and efficient with respect to the are effective and efficient with respect to the
system and its performance. system and its performance.
Quality management is focused not only on Quality management is focused not only on
product quality, but also the means to achieve product quality, but also the means to achieve
it. it.
Quality management therefore uses quality Quality management therefore uses quality
assurance and control of processes as well as assurance and control of processes as well as
products to achieve more consistent quality. products to achieve more consistent quality.

16. Process ConceptProcess Concept
Inputs
(material ,equipments ,personnel
,……)
Transformation
(technology)
Out puts
(Services &
products)

17. Process Concept (cont)Process Concept (cont)
Portfolio
Program
Operation
Project
System
Process

18. Project Quality System Project Quality System
Five basic stages to develop project quality systemFive basic stages to develop project quality system
1.1.Setting the quality standard required by client. Setting the quality standard required by client.
2.2.Planning how to achieve the required qualityPlanning how to achieve the required quality
3.3.Do it right from first time. Do it right from first time.
4.4.Correct any quality deficiencies. Correct any quality deficiencies.
5.5.Provide for long term quality control through Provide for long term quality control through
establishing systems and developing a quality cultureestablishing systems and developing a quality culture

19. Stage OneStage One
 Setting the quality standard required by client. Setting the quality standard required by client.
1.1.DesignDesignDevelopmentDevelopment
2.2.ContractContractStrategyStrategy
3.3.Function (type) Structure Function (type) Structure
4.4.Environment Conditions Environment Conditions

20. Stage twoStage two
 Planning how to achieve the required qualityPlanning how to achieve the required quality
1.1.Construction methods & Technology.Construction methods & Technology.
2.2.Plant & equipments.Plant & equipments.
3.3.Materials. Materials.
4.4.PersonnelPersonnel..
5.5.Inspection &test plan.Inspection &test plan.

21. Stage ThreeStage Three
 Do it right from first timeDo it right from first time
1.1.Review documents & drawingsReview documents & drawings
2.2.Check Plant & Equipments Check Plant & Equipments
3.3.Organized ConstructionOrganized Construction
4.4.People Motivation & OrientationPeople Motivation & Orientation

22. Stage FourStage Four
 Correct any quality deficienciesCorrect any quality deficiencies
1.1.Remedy of Minor deficiencyRemedy of Minor deficiency
2.2.Rework for non conformityRework for non conformity

23. Stage Five Stage Five
 Provide for long term quality control through establishing systems and Provide for long term quality control through establishing systems and
developing a quality culturedeveloping a quality culture
1.1.Documentation for future projectsDocumentation for future projects
2.2.Expand Awareness of quality systemExpand Awareness of quality system
3.3.Knowledge improvementKnowledge improvement

24. Quality problems Quality problems
assessment in construction assessment in construction
industryindustry
Design faultsDesign faults
Construction faultsConstruction faults
product failingproduct failing

25. D e si g n 50%
C o n st r u c t i o n
40%
P r o d u c t 10 %

26. Design faultsDesign faults
misunderstanding the client's brief to develop misunderstanding the client's brief to develop
the design the design
using information which is incorrect or out of using information which is incorrect or out of
date date
misunderstanding of the client's expectations of misunderstanding of the client's expectations of
quality standards quality standards
lack of colack of co--ordination between the designers. ordination between the designers.
Loose or inappropriate specifications Loose or inappropriate specifications

27. Construction faultsConstruction faults
Not building to drawings or specifications Not building to drawings or specifications
poor supervision leading to bad poor supervision leading to bad
workmanship workmanship
insufficient management of the quality of insufficient management of the quality of
construction. construction.

28. Quality constrainsQuality constrains
Scope

29. Cost of QualityCost of Quality
::
Cost of FailureCost of Failure
Cost of AppraisalCost of Appraisal
Costs of PreventionCosts of Prevention

30. Cost of FailureCost of Failure
This is the cost of internal and external This is the cost of internal and external
failures associated with refailures associated with re--work, warranty work, warranty
costs and the loss of opportunity involved costs and the loss of opportunity involved
in nonin non--contributing effortcontributing effort. .
External failures which have reached a External failures which have reached a
client have a reputation and trading risk client have a reputation and trading risk
over and above the simple financial costsover and above the simple financial costs

31. Cost of AppraisalCost of Appraisal
This is the cost of measuring what This is the cost of measuring what
performance has been achieved after the performance has been achieved after the
application of value adding events, it application of value adding events, it
includes inspection, witnessing, includes inspection, witnessing,
supervision and material testing costs.supervision and material testing costs.

32. Costs of PreventionCosts of Prevention
This is the cost to of the planning and This is the cost to of the planning and
preparatory work such as quality preparatory work such as quality
planning, design verification, calibration planning, design verification, calibration
of equipment, training, supplier of equipment, training, supplier
assurances and auditing.assurances and auditing.

33. 70%
25%
5%
C o s t o f F a ilu r e
C o s t o f A p p r a is a l
C o s t o f P r e v e n t io n

34. The target for reduction must be the cost The target for reduction must be the cost
of failure. of failure.
The hypothesis is that increasing the cost The hypothesis is that increasing the cost
of prevention will have an accelerated of prevention will have an accelerated
effect on reducing these failure costs and effect on reducing these failure costs and
contribute to profit without increase in contribute to profit without increase in
turnover or market share.turnover or market share.

35. Cost of Non ConformityCost of Non Conformity
Visible costsVisible costs
Hidden Costs

36. Visible costsVisible costs
44--10 10 % of revenue% of revenue
Rework
Inspection
Warranty
Rejects

37. Hidden Costs
20 –35 % of revenues
Lost Sales
Late Delivery
Long Cycle Times
Expediting Costs
Excess Inventory
Lost Customer Loyalty
Time value of money
Working Capital allocations
Frustrated Employees

38. Inspection & Test Inspection & Test
PlanPlan
1.1.ActivityActivity
2.2.Reference DocumentsReference Documents
3.3.Responsible PersonResponsible Person
4.4.Type of inspectionType of inspection
5.5.Character to be checkedCharacter to be checked
6.6.Frequency and timingFrequency and timing
7.7.Acceptance CriteriaAcceptance Criteria
8.8.Tolerances Tolerances
9.9.Verifying DocumentsVerifying Documents

39. ActivityActivity
Setting out, NGL, Control PointsSetting out, NGL, Control Points
ROW ,Site clearance ,Stripping ROW ,Site clearance ,Stripping
,Excavation.,Excavation.
Embankment Construction, Sub base, Embankment Construction, Sub base,
basebase
Prime coat, Asphalt layingPrime coat, Asphalt laying
Concreting ActivitiesConcreting Activities

40. Reference DocumentsReference Documents
General And special Project General And special Project
SpecificationsSpecifications
Activity Method Statements (Procedures)Activity Method Statements (Procedures)
Operation ManualsOperation Manuals
Issued for Construction DrawingsIssued for Construction Drawings

41. Responsible PersonResponsible Person
Site SupervisorsSite Supervisors
QC Personnel (Site inspector, QC Personnel (Site inspector,
surveyor…)surveyor…)
Special External ConsultantsSpecial External Consultants

42. Character to be Character to be
checkedchecked
1.1.For Road Base ConstructionFor Road Base Construction
AlignmentsAlignments
Finished Surface Finished Surface
Side slopSide slop
Material ClassificationMaterial Classification
Field DensityField Density
Level, thicknessLevel, thickness
ectect

43. Frequency and timingFrequency and timing
Depends on Operation sequenceDepends on Operation sequence
Locations in structureLocations in structure
FrequencyFrequency
Min Min --MaxMax

44. Character to be checkedCharacter to be checked
2.2.Top slab of Box CulvertTop slab of Box Culvert
Alignment & LocationAlignment & Location
Rebar (Size, Placing, cleanness, ..)Rebar (Size, Placing, cleanness, ..)
Formwork( Dimensions ,surface,..) Formwork( Dimensions ,surface,..)

45. Acceptance CriteriaAcceptance Criteria
Min RequirementsMin Requirements
Range of AcceptanceRange of Acceptance
Visual EvaluationVisual Evaluation

46. TolerancesTolerances
Averages (fixed, Moving)Averages (fixed, Moving)
Standard Standard DeviationsDeviations
Min Min ––MaxMax

47. Verifying DocumentsVerifying Documents
Survey SheetsSurvey Sheets
Lab DocumentsLab Documents
Inspection formInspection form
Other ReportsOther Reports

48. Type of inspectionType of inspection
Witness ( Full OR Partial)Witness ( Full OR Partial)
Review And VerificationReview And Verification
SurveillanceSurveillance
Test CertificationTest Certification

49. Management of Deficiency Management of Deficiency
Minor deficiencyMinor deficiency
NCRNCR
ReworkRework