Quantitative Research Design--------.ppt

education

1. BY
Sumaira naz
BScN, MPH

2. This session will focus on:
 Discuss overview of Research designs
 Explain types of quantitative research design.
 Describe concepts relevant to quantitative
research

3. Research design is:
•A blueprint of the study
•Formal plan of the study
•Used as guide to collect and analyze the data

4. A master plan that specifies the methods and
procedures for collecting and analyzing needed
information
A researcher’s overall plan for obtaining
answers to the research questions or for
testing the research hypotheses is referred to
as the research design

5. Quantitative Qualitative
Quantitative
research is a formal,
objective, systematic
process in which
numerical data are
used to obtained the
information about
the world
Qualitative research
is a systematic,
subjective approach
used to describe life
experiences and
give them meaning.

6. Quantitative
Quantitative research
used to:
Describe
Examine relation ship
Determine cause and
effect interaction
among variables
This approach provide
sound knowledge base
to guide nursing
practice
Qualitative research is
used to:
Describe life experiences
Phenomena
 this approach is more
effective for
investigating emotional
responses
Qualitative

7. Quantitative Qualitative
Descriptive research
Correlational research
Quasi Experimental
Research
Experimental research
Phenomenological
Research
Grounded Research
Ethnographic Research
Historical Research

8. •Design type depends on research question.
If the research question asks for:
•Descriptions of quantities, cause and effects,
amounts, or extent of variable relation: use
quantitative design
•Discovery, individual experiences,
perceptions or clarifications: use qualitative
design

9. Quantitative research is a formal, objective,
systematic process in which numerical data are
used to obtained the information about the
world
Formal, objective, systematic process using:
◦ measurement
◦ hypothesis testing
◦ data analysis

10. Descriptive research
Correctional research
Experimental research
Quasi-Experimental Research

11. The descriptive study is designed to gain more
information about characteristics within a
particular field of studies.
Its purpose is to provide a picture of a situation
as it naturally happens.
A descriptive design may be used for the
purpose of developing theories.
Identifying problems with current practice.

12. Justifying current practice
Making judgments
Determining what others in similar situation are
doing
E.g. describing the spread of swine flu and its
potential influence on global health.

13. Correlational research involves the systematic
investigation of relationships between two or
more variables in a single group.
The investigation of association indicates how
likely cause and effect relationship exists.
Using correlational analysis, researcher
determines:
◦The degree
◦Strength, and
◦Type (positive or negative)

14. The positive relationship indicates that the
variables vary together, that is, the two
variables either increase or decrease together.
E.g. more people smoke, the more lung cancer
they experience.
The negative or inverse relationship indicates
that the variables vary in opposite directions;
thus, as one variable increases, the other
decreases. E.g. increase in number of smoking
pack-years (number of years smoked times the
number of packs smoked per day) is correlated
with decrease in life span.

15. The use of Quasi-Experimental design facilitate
search for knowledge and examination of
causality in situation in which complete controle
is not possible.
Quasi-Experimental studies involve
implementing a treatment and examining the
effects of that treatment, using selected methods
of measurement.
Quasi-Experimental studies differ from
experimental studies by the level of the control
achieved by the researcher

16. Quasi-Experimental research however, lack
either randomization or control group feature
that characterize true experiment
The design do not control all threats of
validity like experimental design, but they do
allow studying important questions
Quasi-Experimental studies usually lack a
certain amount of control over the
manipulation of treatment, management of
the setting, or selection of the subjects.

17. The experimental design use randomization to
assign patients to the treatment group.
In randomization control group gets
standardized treatment, while experimental
group gets new treatment.

18. The three main characteristics of experimental
study:
◦Controlled manipulation.
◦Exposure of some of the subjects to the treatment
(experimental group) and some of them not (control
group)
◦Random selection of subjects for the study.

19. Some concepts relevant to quantitative
research are:
1. Basic research: (pure research) is a scientific
investigation that involves the pursuit of
“knowledge for knowledge’s sake” or for the
pleasure of learning and finding truth.
The purpose of basic research is to generate
or refine knowledge.

20. 2. Applied research: (or practical research) is
a scientific investigation conducted to
generate knowledge that will directly
influence or improve clinical practice.
Purpose is to solve problems, make
decisions, or predict or control outcomes
in real life practice situation.

21. 3. Rigor in quantitative research:
Striving for excellence in research. Involves:
◦Discipline
◦Adherence to detail
◦Strict accuracy
◦Uses precise measurement tools and tightly
controlled study design.

22. 4. Control: imposing of “rules” to decrease
error and increase probability that study
findings are an accurate reflection of reality
Ensure results that reflect true relationship
among variables
Reduction of the influence of unwanted
“extraneous” variables

23. Burns, N. & Grove, S. K. (2007). Understanding
nursing research. (4th ed.). Philadelphia: W.B.
Saunders.
Speziale, H. J. S., & Carpenter, D. R. (2002).
Qualitative research in nursing. (3
rd
ed.). New
York: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.