quantum computer -Quantum-Computing-ppt new.pptx

quantum computer

1. Quantum Computing Presented By : Sunil Acharya (21/533)

2. Content Introduction History Why quantum computer What special about quantum computer Applications of quantum computer Problems Advantages Disadvantages Conclusion

3. Q u a n t u m c o m pu t e r s Quantum computers u s e a t om s t o p e r f o rm calculation Here computation depends on principle of quantum theory Qubits represent atoms, ions, photons or electrons and their respective control devices that are working together to act as a computer memory and a processor.

4. Features of Quantum Computing Superposition It is what a qubit can do rather than what it is that's remarkable. A qubit places the quantum information that it contains into a state of superposition. This refers to a combination of all possible configurations of the qubit. "Groups of qubits in superposition can create complex, multidimensional computational spaces. Complex problems can be represented in new ways in these spaces.” Entanglement Entanglement is integral to quantum computing power. Pairs of qubits can be made to become entangled. This means that the two qubits then exist in a single state. In such a state, changing one qubit directly affects the other in a manner that's predictable. Decoherence Decoherence occurs when the quantum behavior of qubits decays. The quantum state can be disturbed instantly by vibrations or temperature changes. This can cause qubits to fall out of superposition and cause errors to appear in computing.

5. Interference In an environment of entangled qubits placed into a state of superposition, there are waves of probabilities. These are the probabilities of the outcomes of a measurement of the system. These waves can build on each other when many of them peak at a particular outcome, or cancel each other out when peaks and troughs interact. These are both forms of interference. Control Our quantum computers use Josephson junctions as superconducting qubits. By firing microwave photons at these qubits, we can control their behavior and get them to hold, change and read out individual units of quantum information

6. H I S T O R Y 1982 - Feynman proposed the idea of creating machines based on the laws of quantum mechanics instead of the laws of classical physics. 1985 - David Deutsch developed the quantum Turing machine, showing that quantum circuits are universal. 1994 - Peter Shor came up with a quantum algorithm to factor very large numbers in polynomial time. 1997 - Lov Grover develops a quantum search a l g o r i t h m wi t h O ( √ N ) c o m p l ex i t y

7. W h y qu a n t u m c o m pu t e r M oo r e ’ l a w s l o w i n g do w n it is flattened in 2020 out. T r a n s i s t o r c annot be m ade s m a ll er due to t h e l a ws of Quantum mechanics starts to take over Post silicon era

8. Quantum Computer vs. Classical Computer Quantum computers have a more basic structure than classical computers. They have no memory or processor. All a quantum computer uses is a set of superconducting qubits. Quantum computers and classical computers process information differently. A quantum computer uses qubits to run multidimensional quantum algorithms. Their processing power increases exponentially as qubits are added. Classical computers are best for everyday tasks and have low error rates. Quantum computers are ideal for a higher level of task, e.g., running simulations, analyzing data (such as for chemical or drug trials), creating energy-efficient batteries.

9. W h a t s p ec i a l a b ou t Q u a n t u m c o m p u t e r

10. A PP L I C A T I ON S Cryptography Artificial intelligence Teleportation Q uan t u m co mm u n i ca t i o n Better batteries Cleaner fertilization Cybersecurity Drug development

11. Advantages Faster computations:- These type of computers can perform computation at a much faster rate than normal computers. Quantum computers have computation power higher than supercomputers also. They can process data at 1000 times faster than normal computers and supercomputers. Some calculations if performed by a normal computer can take 1000 years is done by q u a n t u m c om p u t e r s i n a few s e c o n d s . Best for simulation:- Quantum computers are best for doing data simulation computing. There are many algorithms created that can simulate various things like weather forecasting, chemical simulation etc.

12. Advantages Cont. Medicine creation:- These type of computers can work better in the medical field. They can detect diseases and can create a formula for medicines. Different type of diseases can be diagnosed and tested in scientific laboratories using these computers. G oo g l e s e a r c h : - Quantum computers are used by Google to refine searches. Now every search on Google can speed up by using these computers. Most relevant results can be populated using quantum computing. High privacy:- These computers can make high encryption and is good at cryptography. It is impossible to break the security of quantum computers. Recently China has launched a satellite that uses quantum computing and china claimed t h a t t h i s s a t e l li t e c a nn ot be h a c k ed.

13. D i sadva n tage s A l g o r i th m c r e a t i on : - For every type of computation, it needs to write a new algorithm. Quantum computers cannot work as classical computers, they need special algorithms to perform tasks in their environment. The low temperature needed:- As the processing in these computers is done very deeply so it needs a temperature of negative 460 degrees F. This is the lowest temperature of the universe and it is very difficult to maintain that temperature. Not open for public:- Due to the high range price they are not available for public use. Also, the errors in these type of computers are high because they are still in the development phase. Quantum computers work fine in 10 qubits but after increasing qubits like 70 qubits, the accuracy is not right.

14. Requirement for extremely low temperatures :- Quantum Computers operate using qubits, which are highly sensitive to external disturbances such as temperature fluctuations and electromagnetic interference. To maintain the intricate quantum states of qubits, Quantum Computers require extremely low temperatures close to absolute zero. (-273.15°C or 0 Kelvin). Navigating challenges in Internet security :- Quantum Computing potentially threatens existing cryptographic systems used to secure digital communication and data storage. Quantum algorithms like Shor's can factor large prime numbers efficiently, compromising widely-used like RSA and ECC .

15. P r o b l e m s Decoherence and Noise Error correction Output observance Cost Scalability Software & Hardware development

16. Quantum Computers In Development Google Google is spending billions of dollars to build its quantum computer by 2029. The company opened a campus in California called Google AI to help it meet this goal. Once developed, Google could launch a quantum computing service via the cloud. IBM BM plans to have a 1,000-qubit quantum computer in place by 2023. For now, IBM allows access to its machines for those research organizations, universities, and laboratories that are part of its Quantum Network. Microsoft Microsoft offers companies access to quantum technology via the Azure Quantum platform. There’s interest in quantum computing and its technology from financial services firms such as JPMorgan Chase and Visa.

17. Conclusion Quantum computing is a new technology that could revolutionize computation. Quantum computers have the potential to revolutionize computation by making certain types of classically intractable problems solvable. While no quantum computer is yet sophisticated enough to carry out calculations that a classical computer can't, great progress is under way. In conclusion, exploring the Advantages and Disadvantages of Quantum Computing unveils both the transformative potential and the challenges associated with this revolutionary technology. While its benefits promise to reshape industries, addressing its limitations will be crucial for realizing its full potential in the digital age

18. R e feren c e www.google.com www.wikipedia.org https://www.umsl.edu https://www.telecomtv.com/ https://www.investopedia.com

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