quantum cryptography

securing the data through quantum ctyptography

1. VIGNAN’S INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT AND TECHNOLOGY FOR WOMEN KONDAPUR(V ), GHATKESAR(M ), RANGAREDDY(DIST .) DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

2. QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY

3. INTRODUCTION What is Cryptography? Cryptography is the art of devising codes and ciphers. Crypto analysis is the art of breaking them. Cryptology is the combination of the two i . e Cryptography and Crypto analysis

4. INTRODUCTION What is Quantum Cryptography? Quantum Cryptography is an effort to allow two users of a common communication channel to create a body of shared and secret information. This information, which generally takes the form of a random string of bits, can then be used as a conventional secret key for secure communication.

5. INTRODUCTION What is Quantum Cryptography? Contd. The Heisenberg Uncertainty principle, and quantum entanglement can be exploited in as a system of secure communication often referred to as “Quantum Cryptography”.

6. INTRODUCTION Quantum Entanglement: Quantum entanglement is a physical phenomenon that occurs when pairs or groups of particles are generated or interact in ways such that the quantum state of each particle cannot be described independently of the others, even when the particles are separated by a large distance—instead, a quantum state must be described for the system as a whole.

7. CRYPTOGRAPHY κρυπτόσ ( kryptós ) “hidden” + γράφω ( grápho ) “write” = Hidden Writing

8. HISTORY 4000 years ago, they used the concept of SUBSTITUTION CIPHER with key for securing the data.

9. Since 1970: PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOGRAPHY , exchange of secret messages with a person who you never met before

10. Now the present generation is using QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY for securing the information without encrypting. So , what is quantum cryptography??

11. QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY Although the field of cryptography is ancient, but it is not static. Quantum cryptography is a relatively new concept in cryptography. Basically quantum cryptography is combination of OTP and QKD. Quantum cryptography is based on two important principles – Polarization of light. Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle

12. RSA The most widely used PKC is the RSA ( Rivest – shamir-Adleman ) algorithm based on the difficulty of factoring a product of two large primes. Easy Problem Hard Problem Given n compute p and q.

13. QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses quantum mechanics to guarantee secure communication. Quantum Key Distribution tell us all attempts of eavesdropping. Quantum key distribution is only used to produce and distribute a key, not to transmit any message data It enables two parties to produce a shared random bit string known only to them, which can be used as a key for encryption and decryption

14. OTP (ONE TIME PAD) One-time pad  ( OTP ) is an encryption technique that cannot be cracked if used correctly. The key used in a one-time pad is called a secret key

15. ADVANTAGES Virtually un- hackable . Simple to use. Less resources needed to maintain it. Used to detect eavesdropping in quantum key distribution.

16. DISADVANTAGES Setup is expensive. Signal is limited upto approx. 90km.

17. FUTURE SCOPE The experiments suggests transmission to satellites is possible, due to the lower atmospheric density at higher altitudes. The current commercial systems are aimed mainly at governments and corporations with high security requirements. Factors preventing wide adoption of quantum cryptography outside high security areas include the cost of equipment, and the lack of a demonstrated threat to existing key exchange protocols

18. CONCLUSION Quantum cryptography is a major achievement in security engineering. As it gets implemented, it will allow perfectly secure bank transactions, secret discussions for government officials, and well-guarded trade secrets for industry!

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