Quarter II-AFRO-LATIN.AMERICAN.MUSIC.10.pptx

lesson

1. Quarter II: AFRO-LATIN AMERICAN AND POPULAR MUSIC MUSIC 10

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: 2 1. Observes dance styles, instruments, and rhythms of Afro Latin American and popular music through video, movies and live performances. 2. Describes the historical and cultural background of Afro-Latin American and popular music. 3. Listens perceptively to Afro-Latin American and popular music. 4. Dances to different selected styles of Afro-Latin American and popular music. 5. Analyzes musical characteristics of Afro-Latin American and popular music. 6. Sings selections of Afro-Latin American and popular music in appropriate pitch, rhythm, style, and expression. 7. Explores ways of creating sounds on a variety of sources suitable to chosen vocal and instrumental selections. 8. Improvises simple vocal/instrumental accompaniments to selected songs. 9. Choreographs a chosen dance music. 10. Evaluates music and music performances using knowledge of musical elements and style.

3. MUSIC OF AFRICA Music has always been an important part in the daily life of the African, whether for work, religion, ceremonies, or even communication. Singing, dancing, hand clapping and the beating of drums are essential to many African ceremonies, including those for birth, death, initiation, marriage, and funerals. Music and dance are also important to religious expression and political events. However, because of its wide influences on global music that has permeated contemporary American, Latin American, and European styles, there has been a growing interest in its own cultural heritage and musical sources. Of particular subjects of researches are its rhythmic structures and spiritual characteristics that have led to the birth of jazz forms.

4. MUSIC OF AFRICA African music has been a collective result from the cultural and musical diversity of the more than 50 countries of the continent. The organization of this continent is a colonial legacy from European rule of the different nations up to the end of the 19th century, whose vastness has enabled it to incorporate its music with language, environment, political developments, immigration, and cultural diversity.

5. TRADITIONAL MUSIC OF AFRICA African traditional music - is largely functional in nature, used primarily in ceremonial rites, such as birth, death, marriage, succession, worship, and spirit invocations. Others are work related or social in nature, while many traditional societies view their music as entertainment. It has a basically interlocking structural format, due mainly to its overlapping and dense textural characteristics as well as its rhythmic complexity. Its many sources of stylistic influence have produced varied characteristics and genres. 5

6. Some Types of African Music

7. Yoruba Apala Musicians APALA (AKPALA) A musical genre from Nigeria in the Yoruba tribal style to wake up the worshippers after fasting during the Muslim holy feast of Ramadan. Percussion instrumentation includes the rattle ( Sekere ), thumb piano (agidigbo), bell (agogo), and two or three talking drums. AFROBEAT A term used to describe the fusion of West African with black American music.

8. AXE a popular musical genre from Salvador, Bahia, and Brazil. It fuses the Afro Caribbean styles of the marcha , reggae, and calypso.

9. 9 Jit a hard and fast percussive Zimbabwean dance music played on drums with guitar accompaniment, influenced by mbira-based guitar styles.

10. 10 JIVE a popular form of South African music featuring a lively and uninhibited variation of the jitterbug, a form of swing dance.

11. 11 JUJU a popular music style from Nigeria that relies on the traditional Yoruba rhythms, where the instruments in Juju are more Western in origin. A drum kit, keyboard, pedal steel guitar, and accordion are used along with the traditional dun-dun (talking drum or squeeze drum).

12. 12 KWASSA KWASSA a dance style begun in Zaire in the late 1980’s, popularized by Kanda Bongo Man. In this dance style, the hips move back and forth while the arms move following the hips.

13. 13 MARABI a South African three-chord township music of the 1930s-1960s which evolved into African Jazz. Possessing a keyboard style combining American jazz, ragtime and blues with African roots, it is characterized by simple chords in varying vamping patterns and repetitive harmony over an extended period of time to allow the dancers more time on the dance floor.

14. ACTIVITY 1: 14 Play the following tracks from the accompanying CD and identify the different types of African Music. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

15. ACTIVITY 1: 15 Play the following tracks from the accompanying CD and identify the different types of African Music. 1. Jit 2. Marabi 3. Afrobeat 4. Kwassa Kwassa 5. Apala ( Akpala ) 6. Jive 7. Juju 8. Axe

16. LATIN AMERICAN MUSIC INFLUENCED BY AFRICAN MUSIC

17. REGGAE a Jamaican sound dominated by bass guitar and drums. It refers to a particular music style that was strongly influenced by traditional mento and calypso music , as well as American jazz, and rhythm and blues. The most recognizable musical elements of reggae are Nits offbeat rhythm and staccato chords.

18. 18 SALSA Salsa music is Cuban, Puerto Rican, and Colombian dance music. It comprises various musical genres including the Cuban son montuno, guaracha, chachacha, mambo and bolero.

19. 19 SAMBA the basic underlying rhythm that typifies most Brazilian music . It is a lively and rhythmical dance and music with three steps to every bar, making the Samba feel like a timed dance. There is a set of dances—rather than a single dance—that define the Samba dancing scene in Brazil. Thus, no one dance can be claimed with certainty as the “original” Samba style.

20. 20 SOCA a modern Trinidadian and Tobago pop music combining “soul” and “calypso” music.

21. 21 WERE This is Muslim music performed often as a wake-up call for early breakfast and prayers during Ramadan celebrations. Relying on pre-arranged music, it fuses the African and European music styles with particular usage of the natural harmonic series.

22. ZOUK fast, carnival-like hythmic music, from the Creole slang word for ‘party,’ originating in the Carribean Islands of Guadaloupe and Martinique and popularized in the 1980’s. It has a pulsating beat supplied by the gwo ka and tambour bele drums , a tibwa rhythmic pattern played on the rim of the snare drum and its hi-hat, rhythm guitar, a horn section, and keyboard synthesizers.

23. Activity 1.1 23 Play the following tracks from the accompanying CD and identify the Latin American music influenced by African music. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

24. Activity 1.1 24 Play the following tracks from the accompanying CD and identify the Latin American music influenced by African music. 1. Were 2. Samba 3. Reggae 4. Salsa 5. Zouk 6. Soca

25. VOCAL FORMS OF AFRICAN MUSIC 25

26. MARACATU 26 first surfaced in the African state of Pernambuco , combining the strong rhythms of African percussion instruments with Portuguese melodies. The maracatu groups were called “ nacoes ” (nations) who paraded with a drumming ensemble numbering up to 100, accompanied by a singer, chorus, and a coterie of dancers.

27. Musical instruments used in Maracatu 27 The Maracatu uses mostly percussion instruments such as the alfaia , tarol and caixa-deguerra , gongue , agbe , and miniero . ALFAIA a large wooden drum that is rope-tuned, complemented by the tarol .

28. Musical instruments used in Maracatu 28 TAROL a shallow snare drum

29. Musical instruments used in Maracatu 29 CAIXA a war-like snare.

30. Musical instruments used in Maracatu 30 GONGUE clanging sound, a metal cowbell

31. Musical instruments used in Maracatu 31 AGBE SAKERE The shakers, a gourd shaker covered by beads.

32. Musical instruments used in Maracatu 32 MINIERO O GANZA a metal cylindrical shaker filled with metal shot or small dried seeds called “ Lagrima fre Nossa Senhora.”

33. BLUES The blues is a musical form of the late 19th century that has had deep roots in AfricanAmerican communities.

34. Noted performers of the Rhythm and Blues genre are Ray Charles James Brown Cab Calloway Aretha Franklin John Lee Hooker B.B. King Bo Diddley Erykah Badu Eric Clapton Steve Winwood Charlie Musselwhite Blues Traveler Jimmie Vaughan Jeff Baxter. Examples of blues music are the following: Early Mornin ’ , A House is Not a Home and Billie’s Blues.

35. SOUL a popular music genre of the 1950’s and 1960’s. It originated in the United States. It combines elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues, and often jazz. The catchy rhythms are accompanied by handclaps and extemporaneous body moves which are among its important features. 35

36. 36 Some important innovators whose recordings in the 1950s contributed to the emergence of soul music included: Clyde McPhatter Hank Ballard Etta James Ray Charles and Little Richard (who inspired Otis Redding) James Brown were equally influential. James Brown was known as the “Godfather of Soul,” Sam Cooke and Jackie Wilson are also often acknowledged as “ soul forefathers.” Examples of soul music are the following: Ain’t No Mountain High Enough, Ben, All I Could Do is Cry, Soul to Soul, and Becha by Golly, Wow. James Brown Etta James

37. spiritual 37 The term spiritual, normally associated with a deeply religious person, refers here to a Negro spiritual, a song form by African migrants to America who became enslaved by its white communities. Examples of spiritual music are the following: We are Climbing Jacob’s Ladder, Rock My Soul, When the Saints Go Marching In, and Peace Be Still.

38. Call and response 38 a succession of two distinct musical phrases usually rendered by different musicians, where the second phrase acts as a direct commentary on or response to the first. Much like the question and answer sequence in human communication, it also forms a strong resemblance to the verse-chorus form in many vocal compositions. Examples of call and response songs are the following: Mannish Boy, one of the signature songs by Muddy Waters; and School Day - Ring, Ring Goes the Bell by Chuck Berry

39. Activity 1: 39 Which African music is usually heard on the radios today? Among the types of African music, which is usually known as a type of music that has originated from Brazil? Which type of music was popularized by Bob Marley? What is the music that is a New York Puerto Rican adaptation of Afro-Cuban music? What are the different musical instruments included in the maracatu?