" Fabrication of tri - amphibious drone "

Propellant

1. VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY “JNANA SANGAMA”, BELAGAVI-590018 SHREE DEVI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, KENJAR, MANGALURU, KARNATAKA-574142 project presentation “ Fabrication of Tri-amphibious Drone ” BACHELOR OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING PREPARED BY BASAVARAJ T 4SH20AE003 DARSHAN R C 4SH20AE008 DRUPAD H Y 4SH20AE011 VINODREDDY K 4SH20AE037

2. CONTENTS Abstract Introduction Objective Methodology Selection of material Literature survey Design process Design Reference Conclusion Future scope

3. Abstract Multimodal Vehicles can travel in at least two distinctive modes of transportation, be it air and water, land and water or air and land. In this paper, design and development of a novel unmanned multimodal vehicle is presented that can travel in air, land and water, also called a as a triphibian drone The vehicle is essentially a mix of unmanned aerial vehicle, unmanned ground vehicle and unmanned surface vehicle and is equipped with mechanisms to travel in land, air and water at the will of the operator. The entire framework of the vehicle is built on the multi rotor configuration.

4. Introduction In this modern era, technologies are advancing from day-to-day basis. The availability and usage of the unmanned aerial can be seen worldwide. Many developed countries are and already started to utilize their drones for various purposes like surveying, monitoring and home delivery etc. drones are very handy in many situations and lots of experts are already in fields of upgrading their performance and functions.

5. Multimodal vehicles that travel in all 3 modes viz. land air and water find itself useful in several applications like search and rescue operations where the vehicle might need to hover in congested areas without lot of room for flight. In such situations, the vehicle can travel in land or water and carry out the required rescue operation. Such vehicles can also be used in land mine detection where the vehicle travels in land for detection rather than hovering in air, thus vastly saving the battery life of the vehicle. But design of such a system is usually complicated considering the weight to be lifted, control of flight and battery life.

6. Objective In this paper, design and development of a novel unmanned multimodal vehicle is presented that can travel in air, land and water, also called a as a triphibian quadcopter which would prove beneficial in rescue operations, suitability for a wide variety of civil, societal missions, surveillance application for defense, aerial photography, payload caring, in Aerospace application and operations involving hazardous environments.

7. The vehicle is essentially a mix of unmanned aerial vehicle, unmanned ground vehicle and unmanned surface vehicle and is equipped with mechanisms to travel in land, air and water at the will of the operator. The entire framework of the vehicle is built on the multi rotor configuration. Flight tests were conducted to validate the design

8. Methodology To design the multimodal vehicular system, the mechanical frame work is modeled using CAD. Calculations are done for floatation and selection of electronic components depending on the load to be lifted. The prototype of the mechanical model is created and the final assembled system is subjected to flight testing. Details of modeling, electronic component selection and prototyping is discussed in the subsequent sections.

9. During the development of a prototype, software plays a vital role; design a body frame is easy for a normal drone. But design a body frame that can easily transition between both mediums is difficult and challenging, by using computer-aided drawing software CATIA. Most drone flying takes place outside which introduces hundreds of sources of water from humidity to wet grass to snow to, yes, even water like ponds and ocean. As we are driving our drone in water medium too, so we have to make our drone waterproof

10. SELECTION OF MATERIAL The whole fuselage of our drone is made from durable reinforced ABS material ( Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) and ensures a perfect waterproof seal. ABS CHARACTERISTICS ABS ( acrylonitrile -butadiene-styrene) is a low-cost engineering thermoplastic that is easily machined, fabricated and thermoformed. This thermoplastic material has excellent chemical, stress and creep resistance. ABS offers a good balance of impact, heat, chemical and abrasion resistance, dimensional stability, tensile strength, surface hardness, rigidity and electrical characteristics

11. ABS OFFERS THESE ADVANTAGES Excellent impact, chemical and abrasion resistance Superior stiffness and strength Easily machined and thermoformed Easy to paint and glue Good dimensional stability Excellent electrical properties

12. Components 4 main components of the drone Frame : It is the skeleton on which all other components are mounted, and provides protection to all the electronics inside the drone. structures are made from carbon fiber composites Flight controllers : it is the brain of a drone. A small box filled with intelligent electronics and software, which monitors and controls everything the drone does. Sensors :  utilize air pressure sensors to stabilize altitude, allowing hover capabilities needed for videography or photography. Like -Barometric pressure sensors,MEMS  Microphones

13. Battery : used in drones are lithium polymer ( LiPo ) batteries. Motors : convert electrical energy into mechanical energy in the form of linear or, most commonly, rotary motion Brushe DC motors are used in the smallest drones. Propellers : it’s devices that transform rotary motion into linear thrust

14. DESIGN PROCESS Design process of the amphibious vehicle capturing the functionalities corresponding to aerodynamics, structures, and compliance to performance criteria is presented in below Figure Table.1 design process tree

15. ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE’s ADVANTAGE Can be used in any weather condition. Operate in three different mediums (land, water & air). Used surveillance. Compactable and adjustable. Light weight. Easily deployable. Safety. Filming movies, photography, etc.,

16. DISADVANTAGE Complex in design. Flight time reduced due to weight of UGV. If any leakage is found (while operating in water medium) it may affect electronic components. Pilot work load may increase due to more controlling

17. CREO DIAMETER OF FRAME-200*200 mm Height of frame-150mm Blade holder- 70mm Blade holder-8mm radius*3mm radius FRAME

18. Wheel diameter inner-5mm radius Wheel diameter outer-26mm radius Wheel peddle height-5mm PEDDLE WHEEL

19. PROPELLER Propeller blade – 50mm Inner radius-8mm Outer radius-3mm

20. FRAME CAP Frame Diameter- 200*200mm

21. REFERENCE Manipal University, Manipal , “ Triphibious Vehicle”, Indian Patent Application No 201741027807.

22. CONCLUSION As a conclusion, the high density with low volume body will help to reduce the time for transition in mediums, the buoyancy force is low in the low volume high-density body, and thus the drone model is aimed designed to minimize total volume, to increase the speed movement of the vehicle in both medium. To attain better maneuverability, the drag that is the resistance faced by the drone has to be minimized, large surface area leads to more drag that will affect the total speed and consume more power, for that the we have work on model in future body designed, besides, the quadcopter concept is also implemented, which give low resistance, high-pressure operation and compact. To testify this some simulation, virtual teat and real-time tests have to be done. By the help of computer-aided technology. The results from that give a satisfying outcome. The outer body is 3D printed. The inclusion of the avionic systems is later to be installed

23. FUTURE SCOPE The design and development of tri-amphibian takeoff and landing UAV prototype is really a preliminary stage in the design and commercialization of this platform needs much more improvement. The future of unmanned aircraft is largely fueled by innovative technologies. Amazon is thinking of providing their product delivery through such mini-VTOL UAV military capabilities and delivers intelligent and flexible solutions for a wide range of missions. Vehicle can be used for various purpose like military applications, Surveillance application for Defense. Aerial photography, Payload caring, in Aerospace application, as a mode of transportation, as material delivery system, as AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle) in industries. For photography purpose. It can be used during natural calamities like flood, earthquakes etc to know the whereabouts of the victims and to provide them with food packets, for rescue missions, etc