"Fundamentals of Computer Networks & Concepts"

Fundamentals of Computer Networks & Concepts introduces the essential principles of networking, including network types, components, protocols, and communication models. This topic covers the basics of data transmission, IP addressing, network security, and troubleshooting. It provides a foundational understanding of how computers connect and communicate, essential for IT professionals and students pursuing careers in networking and computer systems.

1. Computer network concepts welcome to Group 3’s presentation

2. Discussion on Computer Network Concepts Computer networking refers to the practice of connecting multiple computing devices together to share resources, data, and services. These devices communicate over wired or wireless connections, using protocols to exchange information. Networks can vary in size from small local area networks (LANs), like those in homes or offices, to wide area networks (WANs), such as the internet, which spans globally.

3. Definition of computer network concepts A computer network is a system of interconnected devices that communicate to share resources and information. Key concepts include protocols that govern data transmission, devices like routers and switches that manage traffic, and security measures that protect data integrity and privacy.

4. Key concepts in computer networking include 1. Topology The physical or logical arrangement of a network, such as bus, star, ring, or mesh configurations. 2. Protocols Rules and standards that govern how devices communicate. Examples include: TCP/IP: The fundamental protocol of the internet. HTTP/HTTPS: Protocols for transferring web data. FTP: File Transfer Protocol for sharing files.

5. Key concepts in computer networking include 3. Networking Devices Router: Directs data between networks. Switch: Connects devices within a network, enabling communication. Firewall: Protects a network by filtering incoming and outgoing traffic.

6. Key concepts in computer networking include 4. Types of Networks LAN (Local Area Network): A network in a limited area like a home or office. WAN (Wide Area Network): Covers larger areas, like cities or across countries. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Spans a city or large campus. VPN (Virtual Private Network): Extends a private network across a public network, allowing secure connections. 5. Network Security Protects networks from attacks, breaches, and unauthorized access. Techniques include encryption, firewalls, and intrusion detection systems (IDS). What is topology? Why is network topology important?

7. Types of network topology 1. Bus Topology Structure: All devices are connected to a single central cable, known as the bus or backbone. Advantages: Easy to install and use. Requires less cable than other topologies. Disadvantages: Limited cable length and number of devices. A failure in the central cable can bring down the entire network. Performance decreases as more devices are added. There are several types of network topologies, each with its own structure, advantages, and disadvantages. The main types include

8. Types of network topology 2. Star Topology Structure: All devices are connected to a central hub or switch. Advantages: Easy to install and manage. Failure of one device doesn’t affect the rest of the network. Centralized control and troubleshooting are easier. Disadvantages: If the central hub fails, the entire network goes down. Requires more cable than bus topology.

9. Types of network topology 3. Ring Topology Structure: Devices are connected in a circular fashion, with each device connected to two other devices, forming a ring. Advantages: Data travels in one direction, reducing the chance of packet collisions. Performance is generally better than bus topology under load. Disadvantages: If one device or connection fails, the entire network can be affected. More difficult to troubleshoot and add new devices.

10. TYPES OF NETWORK TOPOLOGY 4. Mesh Topology Structure: Every device is connected to every other device, either fully (every device has a direct connection) or partially (not all devices are fully interconnected). Advantages: Highly reliable; multiple paths for data ensure fault tolerance. Data can be routed through multiple paths if one fails. Disadvantages: Very expensive due to the number of required connections. Complex installation and configuration.

11. Types of network topology 6. Hybrid Topology Structure: A combination of two or more different types of topologies (e.g., a mix of star and mesh). Advantages: Flexible and scalable. Benefits from the strengths of different topologies. Disadvantages: Can be complex to design and manage. More expensive to implement due to the mixed structures.

12. Types of network topology 7. Point-to- Point topology Structure: Direct connection between two devices, typically used in small networks. Advantages: Simple and easy to understand. No risk of network congestion since it’s a direct link. Disadvantages: Only suited for small networks or specific use cases. Not scalable.

13. Types of network topology 8. Point-to-Multipoint Topology Structure: One central device connects to multiple devices. Advantages: Centralized control and communication. Efficient for broadcasting data to multiple devices. Disadvantages: If the central device fails, the entire network can fail. Limits scalability due to central dependence. Each topology is suited for different network sizes and needs, depending on factors like cost, performance, and reliability requirements.