"Principles of Layering and its methods" .pdf

A stem or branch that is rooted while still connected to the parent plant is called a layering method of plant growth. Simple/ground layering, tip layering, trench layering, air layering, and mound layering are some of the several types of layering. The success of layering can be affected by things like girdling the stem, using rooting hormones, blocking light, and keeping the right amount of hydration in the plant. Compared to cuttings, layering allows plants to be multiplied without separating from their parents, supplying nutrients and encouraging higher survival rates.

1. LAYERINGANDTHEIRTYPES
BY-
Atul Kumar Mishra
Asst.Prof.Horticulture
Nehru College, Lalitpu
r

2. 
LAYERING:
Itisatechniqueofpropagationinwhich“aportionofplantis
forcedormanipulatetoproducetheadventitiousrootwhileit
isstillremainsattachedtomotherplant”.

Inthisprocessasingleportionofplantconstituterootand
shoot.

Uponemergenceofrootstheshootisseparatedfrom
motherplant.

Survivedinnurseryforsometimeandthenplantedinthe
mainfield

3. TYPES OF LAYERING
1.SimpleLayering
2.SerpentineorCompoundLayering
3.MoundorStoolLayeringorStooling
4.TrenchLayering
5.TipLayering
6.AirorPotLayeringorMarcottageorGootee

4. 1.SIMPLE LAYERING:

Inthismethodthegroundtouchingportionorsuckersof
plantalongwithmainstemareusedforlayering.

Oneyearoldshootisusedforlayering.

Shootisbentdownwardinthesoilusingpegornailand
tiedwiththehelpofrope.

Ropetomakeitstayedintheposition.

Layeringcompletedwithin4to5monthsthenseparated
frommotherplant.

Ex.-GuavaandHazelnut(Akhrot).

5. 2.SERPENTINE/COMPOUNDLAYERING:
Coveringthebranchesofplantattheirnodeswithsoil
throughoutitslengthbyalternateexposingofinternodallength
ofshootistermedascompoundlayering.

Girdlingofinternodespacealsogivebetterresult.

Acircularringofabark2.5–4.0cminsizeisremoved.

Rootinghormonealsoappliedtogivebetterrooting.

Whengrowthoftakesplaceintheburiedportionofthe
shoot,itisdetachedandplantedinnursery.

Ex.-Wisteria,clematisandmuscadinegrape.

6. 3. MOUND/STOOL LAYERING:

Thistypeoflayeringispracticedinplantsinwhichthe
branchesareveryfirmanddifficulttobending.

Inthismethodtheplantsisprunedseverelyat2.5cmabove
groundlevelbeforethestartofnewgrowth.

Asaresultmanyshootarisefromthebaseofplant,whenthe
shootbecomelittlesturdy,itisgirdledatthebaseapplying
rootinghormone.and

Itiscoveredwithsoiltoheightofabout15-20cm.

Rootsemergeoutinabout3-4months,thenshootis
separatedfromthemotherplant.

Ex.-Guava, apple, pear and gooseberries.

7. 4. TRENCH LAYERING:

Inthismethod,thebranchoftheplantisbenddownwardin
ahorizontalpositioninashallowtrench.

Whentheshootdevelops,thebaseiscoveredwith5-10cm
layerofsoil.

Coveringtheshootwithsoilgivesetiolationeffectandhelps
inrooting.

Therootedlayerareseparatedfrommotherplantand
plantedinnursery.

Trenchlayeringissuccessfulinwoodyplantswhicharenot
easilypropagatedtroughstooling.

Ex.-Apple,pear&cherry.

8. 5. TIP LAYERING:

Inthismethodplantsrootingtakesplacenearthe“tip”ofthe
currentseasongrowth.

Theshoottiprecurvesupwardtoproducebendinthestem
fromwhichrootsdevelop.

Thetopoftheplantislayeredbymakingahole2-5cmbelow
thesoil.

Thetiprootsoutandproducetheshoot.

Therootedtipisseparatedfromplantalongwitholdshoot.

Ex.-Blackberriesandraspberries.

9. 6. AIR/POT LAYERING OR MARCOTTAGE/GOOTEE:

One year old shoot of pencil thickness is selected for air layering.

Usually air layering practiced in the month of July-august.

About 5-7cmawayfromthebase of shoot, a girdle of 2.5-3.0 cm
size by removing the bark is prepared.

The girdled portion of shoot is scrapped by gunny bag or rear side
of blade. this process help to removal the phloem and check the
formation of bark on girdled portion.

The girdled portion covered by moist sphagnum mossgrass.

Girdled portioniswrappedbytransparentpolythenetapeandboth
endsoftapeare tied air tightly.

Rooting appears in about 2-3monthsthe detached the shoot
from mother plant.

Ex.-Litchi, lime & jackfruit.