R&WSKILLS_PREFINAL_W_Critical Reading as a Form of Reasoning.pptx

Lesson

1. CRITICAL READING AS REASONING

2. You have learned that as a critical reader, you should be able to use textual evidence when asked by your teacher to support analysis of the implicit and explicit information presented by a writer in a text.

3. Given the same text to other readers, you may encounter questions that will really require your answer. In that case you should have the skills of reasoning out and giving analysis and evaluative statements.

4. CRITICAL READING AS REASONING

5. What is reasoning?

6. According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary, reasoning is an act of giving statements for justification and explanation. It is the ability of someone to defend something by giving out reasons.

7. Activity time!

8. The class will be grouped into three (with more ore less 12 members each). We will test your reasoning skill by convincing the judge through your own reasons based on the situation and the topic assigned to you. Convince me!

9. The teacher will provide three sets of situations wherein all the groups will take turns to be the judge and to be the participant. For example, on the first situation, group 1 will be the judge and the remaining two groups will be the one to give their reasons. Convince me!

10. For every situation, each group will only be given two minutes to brainstorm. After brainstorming, one to speakers will be allowed to convince the judges by giving their own reasons. After all the speakers have given their reasons, the judge will give their judgment based on the materials and the reasons presented by each group. Convince me!

11. READY?

12. Anna wants to have a movie date with her family, which genre do you think is better to watch? GROUP 2 – HORROR MOVIES GROUP 3 – ROMANTIC MOVIES GROUP 1 will be the judge. First situation

13. Juan is craving for sweets, which is better for him to eat? GROUP 1 – FRUITS GROUP 3 – CHOCOLATES GROUP 2 will be the judge. Second situation

14. Pasing wants to go on a vacation, which tourist destination is better for her to go to? GROUP 1 – Abroad GROUP 2 – Local (Philippines) GROUP 3 will be the judge. THIRD situation

15. What did you feel while doing the activity? For the participants: How did you come up with those kinds of reasons? For the judges: How were you able to make sound judgment? Process questions

16. Formulating evaluative statements

17. What is an evaluative statement?

18. It is a way of giving a better explanation to show the strength and the weaknesses of something through writing. It presents a value judgment based on a set of criteria. Evaluative statement

19. It is used in giving a sound judgement – a judgment that can be backed up or supported by valid reasons or proofs. It is the writer’s way of explaining why a strength is a strength and a weakness a weakness based on the evidences gathered. Evaluative statement

20. How to formulate an evaluative statement?

21. Evaluative statements about a text are formulated after having read the text carefully and critically, grasping the essence of the text and checking for possible fallacies in the argument.

22. The formulation of the evaluative statements is done in the same way you do any other writing except that the statement is about your judgement of the text’s content and property.

23. You may compose your evaluative statements in two steps: Formulating Assertions about the Content and the Properties of a text Read Formulating a meaningful counterclaim in response to a claim made in the text read

24. In this step, you have to examine which ideas are facts or opinions, make inferences or conclusions, and assess the overall quality of the text. This assertions usually contain evaluative languages such as useful, significant, important, insightful, detailed, up-to-date, comprehensive, practical, etc. Formulating Assertions about the Content and the Properties of a text Read

25. Counterclaim is the opposition you make about the claim of a writer. You must recognize the value of hedges when you state your counterclaims. Formulating a meaningful counterclaim in response to a claim made in the text read

26. A hedge is a word or phrase that minimizes negative impact of a criticism. When you are presenting your counterclaim, you are providing criticism since you are stating that the claim is not true. Hedge is used to give a courteous tone in your writing. Formulating a meaningful counterclaim in response to a claim made in the text read

27. Hedges could come in different forms such as : Modals – may, could, would, etc. Frequency adverbs – usually, generally, commonly Probability adverbs – probably, possibly , presumably Formulating a meaningful counterclaim in response to a claim made in the text read

28. Obesity is caused by the bad food choices being offered by the food industry. Obesity is probably caused by the bad food choices being offered by the food industry. Formulating a meaningful counterclaim in response to a claim made in the text read