RABIES Clinical Management & Public Health Measures.pptx

Clinical Management & Public Health Measures

1. RABIES CLINICAL MANAGEMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH MEASURES DR AHMAD FAHMI PKD KAMPAR 2023

2. INTRODUCTION For thousands of years, rabies has terrified civilizations ever since it became obvious that the bite of a rabid animal insured an inevitably horrible death. The origin of the word rabies is either from the Sanskrit " rabhas " (to do violence) or the Latin " rabere " (to rage). The ancient Greeks called rabies "lyssa" (violence).

3. A zoonotic disease caused by RNA viruses in the family Rhabdoviridae and the genus Lyssavirus 99% cases are caused by dog bites : other animals : cat, bats, wolf Widely prevalent in Asia and Africa : prevalance : stimated to cause 59 000 human, 95% of cases occurring in Africa and Asia. Children are at a greater risk than adults Play with animals May not report bites More severe or multiple bites Often bitten in the head or neck area What is rabies?

4. Rabies is commonly transmitted via infectious saliva through bites, licks, and scratches from infected mammals Apart from open wounds, transmission can also occur through mucosa ( e.g.eyes , mouth) Rarely documented transmission: Human to human via organ transplantation or mucosal route Inhalation of aerosolised virus (e.g. in labs) Handling of raw meat Never documented transmission: Consumption of raw milk or raw meat Rodent bites Transmission

5. CLINICAL FEATURES INCUBATION PERIOD FEVER/ HEADACHE TINGLING/BURNING AT SITE OF BITE/SCRATCH PRODROMAL PERIOD FATIGUE/MALAISE PRODROMAL PERIOD SORETHROAT/SWOLLEN THROAT NAUSEA/VOMITING/DIARHEA

6. CLINICAL FEATURES (NEUROLOGICAL PHASE) HYDROPHOBIA 01 IN HALF OF PATIENTS SEIZURES/ HALLUCINATION 02 03 LEADING TO RESPIRATORY FAILURE PARALYSIS COMA DEATH 04 05

7. CASE TIMELINE MUCLES Local muscle infection PERIPHERAL NS Uptake into peripheral nerves BRAIN Replication in the brain CENTRAL NS Spread to central nervous system 1 2 3 4 Inoculation of virus from infected saliva via wound or mucosa. Spread to salivary glands and excretion in saliva of new host

8. Usually months ( 4 12 weeks Can be longer than 1 year (Hence need to follow up) Can be days Factors affecting incubation period: Viral strain Viral load Site of inoculation (bite) Host factors Incubation period

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10. INTRODUCTION 1

11. —SOMEONE FAMOUS “This is a quote, words full of wisdom that someone important said and that can inspire their readers.”