Radburn City

Radburn City

1. RADBURN NEW JERSY

2. Located within the borough of fair lawn, Bergen county , New Jersey. Developed by CLARENCE STEIN and HENRY WRIGHT .  It is  Americas first garden community  . Created in 1929  25000 people 149 acres 430 single houses 90 row houses 54 semi attached houses 93 apartment units     FACTORS THAT INFLUENCED   Rapid industrialization after WW1 Migration of rural to cities Drastic growth of cities Housing shortage They need to provide housing and protect from motorized traffic INTRODUCTION

3. To build community with all complexes of modern life while providing open spaces and making it economically viable . Harmonious blending of private areas and open spaces and also self-sufficient with residential  commercial and industrial areas One of the principles that is applied is maximum radius for walking distance from the home to the community should be 400m at most. Shopping areas are situated at the intersecting traffic streets on the outside corners rather than the center unit  The main concept behind the layout of community was c ul-de-sac grouping i.e. Cluster grouping and separation of vehicular and pedestrian movements.  There are extensive range of recreational activities planned for entire community like tot lots, preschools, sports, aerobics, amateur dramatics, library, clubroom etc.               

4. OBJECTIVES To promote environmental consideration by conserving open spaces, arrange buildings and grounds as to give sunlight, air and tolerable outlook to even the smallest and cheapest house. Providing self-contained settlement i.e., providing playgrounds, schools, theatres, public buildings, stores and religious buildings altogether. Putting factories and other industrial buildings where they can be used without wasteful transportation of goods and people. To make place for man's habitation and industry and to fit the health requirements of his daily life in same area. 

5. CONCEPT Separation of pedestrian and vehicular movement Super block (large block) surrounded by main roads. CUL-DE-SAC's - houses grouped around small clusters and each house accessed from the main road. Living room, bedroom faced towards gardens and parks, service areas to access roads. Walkways designed such that pedestrians can reach the social places without crossing the automobile street. 

6. EMERGENCE OF RADBURG PLANNING Inspired by the garden city idea the city housing corporation of New York acquired a vacant site in new jersey within commuting distance of New York city for the community of Radburn The industrialization of the United States after World War I led to a dramatic growth of the cities during the 1920s Population shift led to a severe housing shortage In answer to the needs of "modem society, Radburn, the Town for the Motor Age was created in 1929 It has 25000 people. 149 acres area, 430 single houses, 90 row houses, 54 semi attached houses. 93 apartment units Its planners were, Clarence Stein and Henry Wright.

7. Six plans of house planning Plan simply but comprehensively . Don’t stop at the individual property line: Adjust paving. sidewalks, sewers and the like to the particular needs of the property dealt with - not to a conventional pattern. Arrange building and grounds so as to give sunlight. air and a tolerable outlook even the smallest and cheapest home. Provide ample sites in the right places for community use i.e., playground school gardens, school, theatres. churches. public buildings And stores. Put factories and other industrial building where they can be used without wasteful transportation of good or people. Henry wright RADBURN PLANNING CRITERIA

8. Cars must be parked and stored, deliveries made, waste collected - plan for such services with a minimum of danger, noise and confusion. Bring private and public land into relationship and plan buildings and groups of buildings with relation to each other. Develop collectively such services as will add the comfort of the individual, a lower cost than is possible under individual operation. Arrange for the occupancy of houses on fair basis of cost and service, including the cost of what needs to be done in organizing, building and maintaining the community.

9. PLANNING The street plan formed a pattern of rectangular blocks divided into rectangular lots that were usually very narrow to conserve on utility lines and very deep to conserve on streets. The curvilinear design was then revised to give some resemblance of characters to the subdivision to subdue to deadly monotony of parallel streets stretching to infinity. When parking is desired on each side of the street. the right of way is between 54- 64 feet wide. pavement width 36 feet It suggests parking on one side only since the traffic lanes should not be less than 10 feet while.

10. The cul-de-sac or dead-end street came into use to eliminate through traffic in a positive manner. Cul-de-sac terminate in a circular to retain their inherent advantages, they should be short-a maximum  length of 450 feet is recommended. Long cul-de-sacs, induce accelerated traffic speeds and render access for service and fire protection more complicated. It eliminates the necessity for the turn around and provides the continuous circulation that is required by some communities to assure no interference with the accessibility of fire protection and other services.

11. Layout of housing units The houses were oriented in reverse of the conventional placement on the plot. Kitchens and garages faced the road, living rooms and bedrooms turned toward the garden Pathways provided uninterrupted pedestrian access to a continuous park strip, which led to large common open spaces within the center of the superblock The 2900 residents of Radburn share 23 acres of interior parks, which yield 345 square feet/ person. The Plaza Building is only neighborhood shopping center, and its tall clock tower has been a neighborhood landmark since 1927 Radburn works as a garden city and a wonderful example of a well-designed community because every piece is integrated perfectly into one body.

12. Radburn works as a garden city and a wonderful example of well-designed community because every piece is integrated perfectly into one body.​ The plaza's building is radburn's only shopping center . Radburn works as the garden city and well-designed community as everything was integrated in one body

13. NEIGHBORHOOD CONCEPT Cul-de-sac or dead end streets came into use to eliminate through traffic in a positive manner.​ It eliminates the necessity for the turn arounds and provide continuous circulation required for communities

14. FEATURES Hierarchical transportation systems Clusters Footpath systems Underpasses Shopping center Homogeneity Large-scale development Mixed use Interior park Decentralized, self-contained settlements, organized to promote environmental considerations by conserving open space, harnessing the auto and promoting community life; key features:

15. Radburn's concept adaptations    US – Los Angeles , Baldwin hills , Kitimat B.C Several towns in RUSSIA INDIA – Chandigarh NEW ZEALAND – welling town Section of OSAKA in JAPAN ENGLAND ( post WW 2) - Coventry, Steven age  Egypt Chandigarh Osaka, Japan

16. FAILURES - The design of Radburn believed that people would actively use the front of the houses facing the greenways.  In reality, people come and leave from the back of the houses and the vehicles, not pedestrian access  More children and people walking and playing in the little driveways and clusters than on the actual greenways. The market has repeatedly shown that homeowners prefer more personal land around their homes to living on tiny lots and sharing a large green space in common. The depression pushed the builder, City      Housing Corporation, into bankruptcy.

17. CONCLUSION - Compared to the contemporary developments the Radburn plan is more safer, orderly, convenient, spacious and peaceful. Many developers have used one and more aspects of Radburn plan and its implementation in their own suburbs. From a socialist point of view, Radburn is not an ideally panned place to live, but it establishes a real mode or plan of living. Radburn idea is now sub-urban     model of choice .

18. THANK YOU K.CHANDIN 318106101010​ P.HEMILA 318106101037​