Radiant city concept of le corbusier

Le Corbusier radiant city concept with example

1. RADIANT CITY CONCEPT OF LE CORBUSIER SUBMITTED BY: ANANYA SHARMA 16606 KRITI CHAUHAN 16620

2. LE CORBUSIER Charles-Edouard Jeanneret-gris aka Le Corbusier was born in the small city of La Chaux -de- Fonds (October 6, 1887- August 27, 1965) Regarded as important architect of the 20 th century. He was an architect, designer, urbanist, writer, and one of the pioneers of what is now called modern architecture. In 1914-15 he developed his first major theoretical work, the Dom- Ino house: a reinforced concrete frame which he posited as a mass production system for free-plan housing. Returned to Paris where he b egan an architecture practice with his cousin Pierre Jeanneret -partnership lasting 50years.

3. During his career, Le Corbusier developed a set of architectural principles that dictated his technique, called “THE FIVE PIONTS OF NEW ARCHITECTURE” which were most evident in his Villa Savoye . These were PILOTIS - The replacement of supporting walls by a grid of reinforced concrete columns that bears the load of structure is the basis of the new aesthetic. ROOF GARDEN- The flat roof can be utilized for a domestic purpose while also providing essential protection to the concrete roof. THE FREE DESIGN OF THE GROUND PLAN- the absence of supporting walls means that t he house is unrestrained in its internal usage. THE FREE DESIGN OF FAÇADE- By separating the exterior of the building from its structural function the façade become free THE RIBBION WINDOW- The façade can be cut along its entire length to allow room to be lit equally.

4. THE MODULAR: Use of golden ratio for the scale of architecture proportion. Use of human measurements. Placed system of harmony. INFLUENCE He was most influential in the sphere of urban planning. City of the future- large apartments building isolated in the park like setting on pilotis . He was heavily influenced by problem he saw in industrial cities at the turn of 19 th to 20 th century.

5. The Evolution of Urban Planning The Garden City Concept by Ebenezer Howard (1903) Howard wanted to design an alternative to the overcrowded and polluted industrial cities of the turn of the century and his solution centred on creating smaller “garden cities” in the country He captioned the design as “a group of smokeless, Slum less cities” The Radiant City Concept by Le Corbusier (1924) Le Corbusier was trying to find a fix for the same problem of urban pollution and overcrowding but unlike H oward he envisioned building not out His plan , also know as “Towers in the Park” proposed exactly that numerous high rise building each surrounded by green space. Each building was set on “superblocks” Le Corbusier’s idea later reappeared in the design of massive public housing projects in the U.S. in the era of “urban renewal” Also published in a book of the same name in 1933.

6. THE RADIANT CITY The Radiant City ( V ille Radieuse ) is an un realized urban masterplan, presented in 1924 and published in a book of same name1933 Designed to contain effective means of transportation, as well as an abundance of green space and sunlight. Le Corbusier’s city of the future would not only provide residents with a better lifestyle, but would contribute to create a better society Though radical, strict in order, symmetry and standardization, Le Corbusier’s proposed principles had an extensive influence on modern urban planning and led to the development of new high density housing typologies. The Radiant City was to be built on nothing less than the grounds of demolished vernacular European cities. The new city would contain prefabricated and identical high density skyscrapers spread across a vast green area and arranged in a grid, allowing the city to function as a “living machine”

7. CONCEPT OF RADIANT CITY CONCEPTUAL SKETCHES The radiant city was a linear city based upon the abstract shape of the human body with head, spine, arms and legs. The design maintained the idea of high- rise housing blocks, free circulation and abundant green space proposed in his earlier work. The blocks of housing were laid out in long lines stepping in and out and were raised up on pilotis . They had roof terraces and running track on their roofs.

8. PLANNING At the core of Le Corbusier’s plan stood the notion of zoning; a strict division of the city into segregated commercial, business, entertainment an residential area The business district was located in the centre and contained monolithic mega skyscrapers each reaching a height of 200 meter and accommodating five to eight hundred thousand people

9. At the centre of the planned city was a transportation hub which housed depots for buses and train as well as highway intersections and at the top an airport Location in the centre of the civic district was the main transportation deck from which a vast underground system of trains would transport citizens to and from the surrounding housing districts

10. The centre piece of this plan was a group of sixty story cruciform skyscrapers built on steel frames and encased in curtain wall of glass. The skyscrapers housed both offices and the flats of the most wealthy inhabitants. These skyscrapers were set within large rectangular park like green space. Le Corbusier segregated the pedestrian circulation paths from the roadways, and glorified the use of the automobile as a means of transport. As one moved out from the central skyscrapers, smaller multi story zig zag blocks set in green space and set far back the street housed the proletarian workers

11. HOUSING TOWERS The housing districts would contain pre-fabricated apartment building known as “unites” Reaching a height of fifty meters a single Unite could accommodate 2,700 inhabitants and function as a vertical village: catering and laundry facilities would be on the ground floor a kinder garden and a pool on the roof. Parks would exist between the Unites allowing residents with a maximum of natural daylight a minimum of noise and recreational facilities at their doorsteps

12. Inside Les Unites were the vertical streets i.e. the elevators and the pedestrian interior streets that connected one building to another Automobile traffic was to circulate on piotis supported roadways five meters above the earth. Other transportation modes like subways and truck had their own roadways separate from automobile Corbusier bitterly reproaches advocated of the horizontal garden city for the time wasted commuting to the city He called it the vertical garden city

13. Issues of healthy living, traffic, noise, public space and transportation which Le Corbusier unlike any architect before him addressed holistically continue to be a major concern of city planners today. The source of inspiration for designing of the new “vertical city” by todays architects and planners is ”La Ville Radieuse ” –”The Radiant City” by Le Corbusier.

14. RADIANT CITY, CHANDIGARH In 1950invited by I ndian Minister Jawaharlal Nehru to design the city. The work started in 1951 until death in 1965. DESIGN Grid Iron Plan Hierarchy of movement from highways to pedestrian walkways. Metaphor of a human being. Head – Capital Complex Heart- Commercial Centre. Arms- Academic and leisure facilities. Incorporated his principles of light, space and greenery.

15. BASIC PLANNING CONCEPTS Le Corbusier conceived the master plan of Chandigarh as analogous to human body, with a clearly defined. HEAD- The Capitol Complex, Sector 1 HEART- The City Centre, Sector 17 LUNGS- The leisure valley, open space or green sectors INTELLECT- The culture and education institute CIRCULATORY SYSTEM- the network of roads (the 7Vs) VISCERA- The industrial areas

16. Master plan of Chandigarh Grid iron Pattern Divided the city into different sectors. Each sector having residential and commercial zones. Maps displayed along the walkways and foot paths Majority of the sectors are a 1350x850meter rectangle.

17. Roads Design and oriented in such a way that most of the time during the day, they are under shadow. Huge parking areas for the commercial zones. Pedestrian walkways segregated from the main road with the help of wide lawn strip. Huge garden along the main roads. V1 – Connects Chandigarh to other cities V2 – Are the major avenues of the city V3 – Are the corridors stressts for vehicular traffic only V4-V7 – are the roads whitnin the sectors

18. POSITIVE HIGHLIGHTS Each sector satisfies the necessities of human needs. Separate roads for pedestrian, bicycle and heavy vehicles Shops on ground floor, residence on upper floor Shop protected from rain and sun as a covered walkway for the customers NEGATIVE HIGHLIGHTS Roads being similar to each other creates confusion. Brutal concrete gives a rough look City not planned for lower income people. Existence of slums around the city.

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