Radiographic anatomy of femur and pelvic girdle

Radiography anatomy of Femur And Pelvis

1. Radiographic Anatomy of Proximal Femur and Pelvic Girdle Chandan Prasad Rajbhar Tutor College of Paramedical Sciences TMU, Moradabad

2. What is proximal femur ? Upper portion of the femur is called as proximal femur. The proximal femur consists of four essential parts, Head Neck Greater trochanter Lesser trochanter

3. Pelvis The pelvis consists of four bones Two hip bones One sacrum One coccyx The term pelvic girdle is used in reference to the complete pelvis . It also consist of 4 bones.

4. Hip Bone Each hip bone is composed of three divisions: (1) ilium ( 2) ischium ), ( 3) pubis. The fusion occurs in the area of the acetabulum. The acetabulum is a deep, cup shaped cavity that accepts the head of the femur to form the hip joint . The ilium , the largest of the three divisions, is located superior The ischium is inferior and posterior to the acetabulum, whereas The pubis is inferior and anterior to the acetabulum .

5. Ilium (pelvis) Each ilium is composed of a body and an ala . The crest of the ilium is the superior margin of the ala it extends from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS ). In radiographic positioning, the uppermost peak called as the iliac crest. Positioning landmarks The two important positioning landmarks of these borders and projections are- the iliac crest and the ASIS

6. Ischium (pelvis) The ischium is that part of the hip bone that lies inferior and posterior to the acetabulum. Each ischium is divided into a body and a ramus. The rounded roughened area near the junction of the lower body and the inferior rami is a landmark called the ischial tuberosity . Posterior to the acetabulum is a bony projection termed the ischial spine. Directly superior to the ischial spine is a deep notch termed the greater sciatic notch. Inferior to the ischial spine is a smaller notch termed the lesser sciatic notch.

7. Pubis (pelvis) The body of the pubis is anterior and inferior to the acetabulum and includes the anteroinferior one-fifth of the acetabulum . The body of each pubis is a superior ramus. The two superior rami meet in the midline to form an amphiarthrodial joint, the symphysis pubis. The obturator foramen is a large opening formed by the ramus and body of each ischium and by the pubis. The obturator foramen is the largest foramen in the human skeletal system .

8. The Greater and Lesser Pelvis Greater pelvis (false pelvis) – located superiorly, it provides support of the lower abdominal viscera (such as a ileum and sigmoid colon). It has little obstetric relevance. Lesser pelvis (true pelvis) – located inferiorly. Within the lesser pelvis reside the pelvic cavity and pelvic viscera.

9. Pelvic Inlet The pelvic inlet marks the boundary between the greater pelvis and lesser pelvis. Its size is defined by its edge, the pelvic brim . The borders of the pelvic inlet: Posterior  – sacral promontory (the superior portion of the sacrum) and sacral wings (ala). Lateral – arcuate line on the inner surface of the ilium, and the pectineal line on the superior pubic ramus. Anterior – pubic symphysis.

10. Pelvic Outlet The pelvic outlet is located at the end of the lesser pelvis, and the beginning of the pelvic wall. Its borders are: Posterior : The tip of the coccyx Lateral : The ischial tuberosities and the inferior margin of the sacrotuberous ligament Anterior : The pubic arch (the inferior border of the ischiopubic rami).

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