RADIOGRAPHIC FILM, types, uses, application

Radiology

1. RADIOGRAPHIC FILM

2. RADIOGRAPHIC FILM
●The x-ray film help us to record the
Information regarding the object through
Which the x-ray passes and hence they
Greatly help in diagnosis and treatment of
Patient problem.
●Image recorded on film is caused by
Exposure to photons.

3. FILM CONSTRUCTION
●X-ray film consists of an emulsion -gelatin containing radiation sensitive
silver haide crystals and a transparent, flexible base.
●An x-ray film has 4 layers
○Base
○Subbing layer
○Emulsion layer
○Super coat

4. FILM BASE
●A film base is a transparent,
flexible,and tough substrate
that supports the film
emulsion.
●Earlier , cellulose triacetate
was used.
●Nowadays,polyster made
from polyethylene
terephthalate resin is used.

5. FUNCTION OF
FILM BASE
●Provide support to the
emulsion layer
●To transmit light so, that an
image can be viewed.

6. Characteristics
of film base
●Transparent
●Strong
●Flexible
●Uniform in thickness
●Dimensionally stable
●Impermeable to water and
processing solution
●Non flammable
●Chemically inactive
●Uniform in colour

7. ●Sheet film :0.18mm

●Flurographic roll film:0.08mm
Thickness of
base

8. SUBBING
LAYER
●It is present between base and the
emulsion layer.
●It is made by the mixture of gelatin
sol
n
and solvent of film base.

Subbing layer is required due to:
●To prevent any separation of the
emulsion layer from the base during
processing.

9. EMULSION
LAYER
●the emulsion layer contains
light-sensitive compounds
that capture images when
exposed to light.
●The sensitive emulsion
consist of silver halide
crystals suspended in
gelatin.
●Duplitized x-ray film
:emulsion is coated on both
sides of the base.

10. SUPERCOAT
●This is a thin layer of clear
gelatin,which is applied to
the emulsion.
It has 2 prime function
●To protect the sensitive
emulsion from the effects of
light pressure or abrasion
which might occur during
use.
●To provide suitable surface
characteristics.

11. Non-curl
backing
●Present in single -sided emulsion film
only.
●Because the film emulsion layer swell
during processing the film as a whole
will have tendency to curl .
●In order to prevent the curling
tendency with single sided emulsion
film,the emulsion layer is balanced by
coating the base on the opposite
side.

12. ANTI-HALATION
LAYER
●When the image is formed by
light,some of the light incident on
the film will pass through the
emulsion layer and reach the
base.
●Depending on the angle at which
the light strike the film,it may
either passout of the base /air-
interface at the back of the film or
totally reflected back towards the
emulsion.
●Such reflected light will produce a
diffuse image or ‘HALO’ around
the proper image.
●This phenomenon is known as
‘HALATION’ .

13. TYPES OF FILM

14. SINGLE SIDED EMULSION FILM
●A tye of film that has one layer of emulsion .

15. SINGLE SIDED
EMULSION FILM
1.Screen type film
2.Photoflurographic film

16. SCREEN TYPE
FILM
●Most commonly used.
●Sensitive to blue light emitted
by intensifying screen and
direct action of x-rays
●Film used in conjunction with a
cassette fitted with single
intensifying screen

17. APPLICATION
●Mammography
●Capable of demonstrating
microcalcification in soft
tissues.

18. Some
flurographic film
Line film: 16mm and 35mm
Roll film :70mm and 105mm
Cut film : 100mm

19. DUPLITIZED EMULSION FILM
Non - screen type film
●Intra oral dental film
●Kidney surgery film
●Radiation monitoring film
Screen type film
●Used with intensifying screen

20. SINGLE
EMULSION FILM
●Screen type film
●Photoflurographic film
●Cathode ray tube
photography
●Duplication film
●Substraction film
●Laser imaging film

21. DUPLITIZED
FILM
●Direct -exposure type film
●Intra oral dental film
●Kidney -surgery film
●Radiation monitoring film

22. DIRECT EXPOSURE TYPE FILM
●Also known as envelope wrapped or non -screen film because of its exposure
to x rays only.
●Each film is individually wrapped in paper and mounted with a stiff and for
support inside a moisture - resistant paper envelope.
●On-screen film are used because of their superior resolution compared to
screen film system.

23. INTRA ORAL DENTAL FILMS

TYPES:
●PERIAPICAL : 31×41mm (for single or groups of teeth)
●OCCLUSAL :57×76mm (for imaging mandibles or maxilae)
The wrapping of dental envelope package includes:
●The lead -foil insert act as an attenuation of back scattered radiation arising
from the intra oral structure.
●The outer water- proof packets protects the film from the moisture and the
paper insert provide some protection from pressure.

24. KIDNEY SURGERY FILM
●It is designed to enable a radiographic exposure of the kidney to be
made extra-abdominally during surgery for the removal of renal stones
●The shape of the film facilitates easy placement of the kidney and renal
vessels.
●Each packet contains 2- films on with fast emulsion and other with flow.

25. SCREEN TYPE FILM
●These film are used in conjunction with pairs of intensifying screens.
●The latent image being produced mainly by light emission from the
screen phosphurs.

26. ●A wide range of different manufactural film are available:
BLUE SENSITIVE (Monochromatic)
GREEN SENSITIVE (orthochromatic)

27. SINGLE SIDED
EMULSION FILM ●Screen type film
●Photoflurographic film

28. Screen type film
●Film used in conjunction with a cassette fitted with a single intensifying
screen.
●Capable of demonstrating microcalcification in soft tissues.
APPLICATION
●Mammography

29. Photoflurographic film
●These are film used to record the image produced at:
The output phospher of an image intensifier tube
The fluroscent screen of a camera system such as miniature
radiography of the chest.
All film has a single emulsion and an anti halation layer. The
emulsion are orthochromatic.

30. Uses of single emulsion film
●Used in ultrasound, CT,MRI, Nuclear medicine and digital subtraction
Image
●Films are used in conjunction with CRT
●Emulsion are orthochromatic of medium to high contrast
●Sizes commonly used are 10
”
×8” and14”×11”

31. POLOROID FILM
●Mainly used in recording ultrasound scan images.
●Poloroid film pack comprises of a positive and negative sheet
●The photographic sheets are connected by a paper linkage
●After exposure the paper tab is pulled,so bringing the exposed surface
of a negative sheet into close with a positive sheet.