raja todarmal.pdf

Taxation Policy of Raja Todarmal- Land measurements, Dahasala System, and Karori / Crori System

1. TAXATION POLICY OF RAJA TODARMAL

2. INTRODUCTION
RajaTodarmal wasoneofninegemsinAkbar’scourt ,andhisname
appearsveryextensivelyinAkbarnamawrittenbyAbul-Fazl.
Hewastheheadoftherevenuesystem .
Todermalhadmasteredtaxation.
Histaxationsystemwasfairandveryscientificbased.
HehadearlierworkedunderSherShahSuri .
Akbarhonouredhimwiththetitleof“Diwan-i-Ashraf”.

3. TODARMALINSHERSHAH’SCOURT
RajaTodermal ,beforebecomingacelebrityduringAkbar'sreign,was
groomedunderSherShah'sadministration .
HeacquiredvaluableexperienceinthecourtofSherShah.
ThebirthnameofSherShahSuri (1486–1545)wasFaridKhan.
Whenhekilledatiger,hisnamebecameSherKhan.
HewasFounderoftheSuriEmpireinnorthernIndiawithhiscapitalatDelhi.
HetookovertheMughalEmpirein1540afterdefeatingtheMughalking
Humayun.

4. SHERSHAHSURITAXATIONPOLICY
IntheadministrationofSherShahSuri,landwassurveyedona
uniformsystem.
Eachholdingwasmeasuredseparately
Assessmentswereliberalyetcollectionswerestrict.
1/3ofthegrossproduceofthelandwastakenasrevenue.
Peoplecouldpaytaxesinkindorincash.
Therightsofthetenantsweredulyrecognizedandthe
responsibilitieswereclearlydefinedinthekabuliyat(deedof
agreement).
Remissionsofrentsweremadetotenants.

5. SHERSHAHSURITAXATIONPOLICY
Loansweregiventocultivatorsincaseoflossofcropsdueto
encampmentoftroopsorinsufficiencyofrainfall.
Theserevenuereformsnotonlyincreasedtheresourcesofthe
state,butwerealsohelpfulintheinterestofthepublic.
Further,thelandrevenueadministrationofSherShahhelped
inthedevelopmentoftherevenueadministrationofAkbar.

6. TODARMALINAKBAR’SCOURT
TodarmalbecameAkbar'sFinanceOfficer(Mushrif-i-Diwan)in
1575andDiwan-i-Kul(ChiefFinanceMinister)in1582.
Akbarmadesomeexperimentsinthelandrevenue
administrationwiththehelpofRajaTodarMal.
RajaTodarMalisknowntohaveintroducedthefollowing
reforms:
1.Landmeasurements
2.DahasalaSystem
3.Karori/CroriSystem

7. LANDMEASUREMENT/LANDREVENUESYSTEM
RajaTodarmal,Akbar’srevenueminister,wasthemainarchitectofAkbar’s
landrevenuesystem.
ThissystemoflandrevenuewasknownasTODARMAL’SBANDOBASTOR
ZABTISYSTEM.
Thebambooreedsropewerejoinedtogetherwithironringsformeasuringthe
land.
Thisdevicebroughtaboutaccuracyinmeasurement.
accordingtothefertilityofthelanditwascategorizedasPolaj(cultivated
everyyear),Parauti(onceintwoyears),Chachar(onceinthreeorfouryears)
andBanjar(onceinfiveormoreyears)
Acultivatedareawastaxedthroughfixedratesdependingonthecropand
productivityofthearea.

8. DAHASALASYSTEM
BandobastsystemwasfurtherimprovedbyRajaTodarMal.
ItwasknownasDahsalaSystem,asystemoftaxation whichwas
completedin1580.
Heintroducedstandardweightsandmeasures.
Underthenewsystem,revenuewascalculated asone-thirdofthe
averageproduceoftheprevioustenyears.
Paymentofrevenue wasmadegenerallyincash .
Thissystemwaslaterrefined,takingintoaccount
localprices,
Groupingareaswithsimilarproductivityintoassessmentcircles,and
Remissiongiventopeasantswhentheharvestfailedduringtimesof
floodordrought.

9. KARORI/CRORISYSTEM
IntheKarorisystem,alltheParganasandfiscalunionsofthe
nationweremeasured.
Everypieceoflandwhichproducedrevenueworth1crorewas
placedundertheofficerknownasCrori.
Theresultwasnotgoodasexpected.
MuchofthelandwaswasteandthecrueltyoftheCrorismade
thepeasantsselltheirwivesandchildren.
Therulesweremadebutwerenotmonitored.
Manypeoplelostlivesduetotortureoftherevenueofficers.

10. REFERENCES
https://iasbaba.com/wpcontent/uploads/2015/08/AKBAR.compressed
.pdf
https://tnl-uploads.s3.ap-southeast
1.amazonaws.com/production/e68f9ce6-faa9-4e74-99a0-
f65ac089de9e.pdf
Sharan,A.M.&Das,B.L.(2014).LifeOfRajaTodarmal–HisBravery,
HisTaxationPolicy,HisPlaceofBirth,AndHisCaste.availableat-
https://www.engr.mun.ca/~asharan/TODARMAL/TODARMALV6.pdf