Rajasthan and bundelkhand presentation for school

This PPT about Rajasthan and bundelkhand it includes it's flora and fauna,history,and etc.

1. TITLE Rajasthan

2. RAJASTHAN Rajasthan , known as the Land of Kings , is the largest state in India, covering an area of about 342,239 square kilometers . This vibrant land is a colorful melange of massive forts , stunning palaces , diverse cultures , delectable cuisines , and warm-hearted people. Set amidst a rugged yet inviting landscape, Rajasthan has inspired countless travelers.

3. GEOGRAPHY OF RAJASTHAN The geographic features of Rajasthan are the Thar Desert and the Aravalli Range, which runs through the state from southwest to northeast, almost from one end to the other, for more than 850 kilometres (530 mi).Mount Abu lies at the southwestern end of the range, separated from the main ranges by the West Banas River.Although a series of broken ridges continues into Haryana in the direction of Delhi where it can be seen as outcrops in the form of the Raisina Hill and the ridges farther north. About three-fifths of Rajasthan lies northwest of the Aravallis , leaving two-fifths on the east and south direction. he Aravalli Range runs across the state from the southwest peak Guru Shikhar (Mount Abu), which is 1,722 metres (5,650 ft) in height, to Khetri in the northeast.This range divides the state into 60% in the northwest of the range and 40% in the southeast. The northwest tract is sandy and unproductive with little water but improves gradually from desert land in the far west and northwest to comparatively fertile and habitable land towards the east. The south-eastern area, higher in elevation (100 to 350 m above sea level) and more fertile, has a very diversified topography. In the south lies the hilly tract of Mewar. In the southeast, a large area within the districts of Kota and Bundi forms a tableland.To the northeast of these districts is a rugged region (badlands) following the line of the Chambal River. Farther north the country levels out; the flat plains of the northeastern Bharatpur district are part of an alluvial basin. Merta City lies in the geographical center of Rajasthan.

4. GEOGRAPHY OF RAJASTHAN

5. HISTORY The history of human settlement in the western Indian state of Rajasthan dates back to about 100,000 years ago. Around 5000 to 2000 BCE many regions of Rajasthan belonged as the site of the Indus Valley Civilization. Kalibangan is the main Indus site of Rajasthan, here fire altars have been discovered, similar to those found at Lothal.

6. HISTORY The early medieval period saw the rise of many Rajput kingdoms such as the Chauhans of Ajmer, Sisodias of Mewar, Gurjara-Pratihara and the Rathores of Marwar , as well as several Rajput clans such as the Gohil and the Shekhawats of Shekhawati.The Gurjara-Pratihara Empire acted as a barrier for Arab invaders from the 8th to the 11th century, it was the power of the Pratihara army that effectively barred the progress of the Arabs beyond the confines of Sindh, their only conquest for nearly 300 years .

7. Prithviraj Chauhan HISTORY Prithviraj Chauhan led a coalition who defeated the Ghurid army; the Gohils and Sisodia of Chittor , who continued to resist the Mughals against heavy odds eventually gave rise to the leadership of Maharana Hammir , Maharana Kumbha, Maharana Sanga, Maharana Pratap and Maharana Raj Singh. HISTORY of JAIPUR

8. HISTORY of JAIPUR Jaipur , the capital of Rajasthan state in India, was founded in 1727 by Maharaj Sawai Jai Singh II , who ruled Jaipur State from 1699–1744. He meticulously planned the city's layout, consulting books on architecture and architects. The city's construction began in 1727, following the principles of Vastu Shastra. It took around 4 years to complete major palaces, roads, and squares. Jaipur's architecture was advanced and among the best in the Indian subcontinent. The city was divided into nine blocks, with two reserved for state buildings and palaces, and the remaining seven allotted to the public. Massive fortification walls with seven strong gates ensured security. In 1876, when the Prince of Wales visited, the entire city was painted pink to welcome him, earning Jaipur the title of the 'Pink City'. Even today, the neatly laid-out avenues, painted in pink, exude a magical charm. Jaipur's rich cultural and architectural beauty can be explored through its historical and aesthetic landmarks.

9. HISTORY of JAIPUR Flora and fauna

10. Flora and fauna Rajasthan is rich in flora and fauna. The flora and fauna of Rajasthan supports all kinds of animal species and forests. From the world's tallest black-necked stork to cranes, Indian bustard and grey partridge-Rajasthani bird sanctuaries are a treat to visit. The flora and fauna of Rajasthan is said to completely spellbind the tourists .

11. Flora While one part of Rajasthan is dominated by the Thar Desert, the other part flaunts the lofty peaks of the Aravallis and Vindhya ranges. The forests in Rajasthan mostly lie to the east of the Aravalli range. They comprise of about 9% of the total area. The vegetation in the desert region majorly comprises of stunted trees, thorny shrubs and some grasses. The rest of the vegetation grows only during monsoon. Khejri or prosopis cineraria are the most widely found trees in the Rajasthan. It serves the purpose of both food and fodder. Its bean shaped fruit, sangri , is used for both this purpose. Another fruit, Ker, is also eaten as a vegetable. Its tree is used as wood as well. The other prominent trees that grow on sandy soil are akaro and shrubs, the thor , botdi babul, anwal , sewan, dhaman , boor and bhatut . Khejri tree Rohida flower

12. Flora Khejri tree Rohida flower

13. The fauna of Rajasthan is blessed with various species. They range from mammals and reptiles to colorful birds. The common animals here are antelopes and gazelles that include Blackbuck and Chinkara. Nilgai is commonly found in open plains and in the foothills of the Aravallis . Chau Singha, another local, lives in the hilly regions. Besides these one may also come across sambar, chital, rhesus macauqe , langur, jackal, wolf, Indian porcupine, desert fox, Indian gerbil, five-striped palm squirrel, desert gerbil, wild boar and a host of other wild animals. But the most important species that adds a special dimension to the fauna of Rajasthan is the cat family. Amazngly , it is one of the best places where big cats thrive. Taking shelter in the ruins of temples, chilling in the water bodies and lurking behind long grasses, they have rendered the wildlife in Rajasthan with a unique charisma.  The Indian tigers, leopards, panthers, jungle cat and caracal are to be found here. Amongst these some are endangered species and are kept in protection in national parks. Panther Blackbuck Fauna

14. Fauna Blackbuck Panther

15. CULTURE The culture of Rajasthan includes many artistic traditions that reflect the ancient Indian way of life. Rajasthan is also called the "Land of Kings". It has many tourist attractions and facilities for tourists. This historical state of India attracts tourists and vacationers with its rich culture, tradition, heritage and monuments. It also has some wildlife sanctuaries and national parks. More than 70% of Rajasthan is vegetarian, which makes it the most vegetarian state in India.

16. CULTURE The Ghoomar dance from Jodhpur and the Kalbeliya dance of Jaisalmer have gained international recognition. Folk music is a vital part of Rajasthani culture. Bhopa, Chang, Teratali , Ghindar , Kachchigghori , Tejaji , and Parth dance are examples of traditional Rajasthani culture. Folk songs are commonly ballads that relate heroic deeds and love stories; and religious or devotional songs known as bhajans and banis (often accompanied by musical instruments such as the dholak, sitar and sarangi) are also sung. Kanhaiya Geet also sang in major areas of the east Rajasthani belt in the collection manner as the best source of entertainment in the rural areas. Ghoomar folk songs, Mumal folk songs, Chirmi folk songs, and Jhorawa Folk Songs are also notable.

17. PUPPETRY CULTURE Kathputli , a traditional string puppet performance native to Rajasthani, is a key feature of village fairs, religious festivals, and social gatherings in Rajasthan. Some scholars believe the art of Kathputli to be more than thousands of years old.[citation needed] Mentions of Kathputli have been found in Rajasthani folk tales, ballads, and even folk songs. Similar rod puppets can be also found in West Bengal. It is believed that Kathputli began as a string marionette art invented by the tribal Rajasthani Bhat community 1500 years ago.[citation needed] Scholars believe that folk tales convey the lifestyle of ancient Rajasthani tribal people; Kathputli art may have originated from present-day Nagaur and surrounding areas. Rajasthani kings and nobles encouraged the art of Kathputli ; over the last 500 years, Kathputli was supported by a system of patronage through kings and well-off families. Kathputli lovers would support artists in return for the artists singing praises of the patrons’ ancestors. The Bhat community claims that their ancestors performed for royal families, receiving honor and prestige from the rulers of Rajasthan.

18. PUPPETRY CULTURE TITLE Bundelkhand

19. TITLE Bundelkhand BUNDELKHAND

20. BUNDELKHAND Bundelkhand is a geographical and cultural region and a proposed state and also a mountain range in central & North India. The hilly region is now divided between the states of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh, with the larger portion lying in the latter state. Jhansi is the largest city in Bundelkhand. Another major city of Bundelkhand is Sagar being second largest city of Bundelkhand and headquarter of Sagar Division.

21. What is etymology ? The study of the origin of words and the way in which their meanings have changed throughout history.

22. Etymology of Bundelkhand Bundelkhand means " Bundela domain".The region was earlier known as Jejabhukti or Jejakabhukti (" Jeja's province"). According to the inscriptions of the Chandela dynasty, this name derived from Jeja , the nickname of their ruler Jayashakti . However, it is possible that the name derives from an even earlier name of the region: " Jajhauti " or " Jijhoti ". After the Bundelas replaced the Chandelas around 14th century, the region came to be known as Bundelkhand after them.

23. Flora and Fauna Bundelkhand, a region in central India, is a captivating tapestry of natural wonders. Let’s embark on a journey through its diverse ecosystems:

24. Flora Bundelkhand's flora includes: Forests: Trees like teak, sal , and tendu. Scrublands: Thorny bushes like babul and kikar . Grasslands: Grass species such as spear grass and elephant grass. Riverbanks: Trees like banyan and peepal . Agricultural Crops: Wheat, barley, pulses, and fruits like mango and guava. Medicinal Plants: Herbs like ashwagandha and tulsi . Wildflowers: Colorful flowers like flame-of-the-forest and Indian laburnum. Babul tree Banyan tree

25. Flora Banyan tree Babul tree

26. Fauna 1.Tigers: Though their population has decreased significantly due to habitat loss and poaching, tigers still inhabit the forests of Bundelkhand. They are primarily found in protected areas like Panna Tiger Reserve. 2.Leopards: Leopards are relatively more adaptable and can be found in both forested and human-dominated landscapes of Bundelkhand. 3.Elephants: Though not as common as in other parts of India, elephants can sometimes be seen in the forested areas of Bundelkhand, particularly in the southern regions. 4.Wild Boars: These omnivorous mammals are widespread in Bundelkhand and can be found in forests, grasslands, and agricultural areas. 5.Chinkara (Indian Gazelle): These small antelopes are found in the grasslands and scrub forests of Bundelkhand. 6.Nilgai (Blue Bull): These large antelopes are commonly found in open woodlands, scrub, and grasslands, and are often seen in agricultural areas as well. 7.Sambar Deer: This large deer species is found in the forests of Bundelkhand, particularly in areas with dense vegetation. Sambar deer Nilgai

27. Fauna Sambar deer Nilgai

28. HISTORY The Chandelas were a powerful dynasty in Central India, ruling from the 9th to the 12th century. They are best known for constructing the temples of Khajuraho, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Chandelas ruled over a vast territory, and their influence gradually diminished until their eventual fall in 1182 CE. After the decline of the Chandelas , the Khangar community, an ancient Kshatriya clan, established their rule over parts of present-day Bundelkhand from the late 12th century until the mid-14th century.The Khangar dynasty had its seat of power at Garh Kundar , a fort built by Khet Singh Khangar.Their rule over Jujhauti , a region in Bundelkhand, began after the fall of the Chandels in 1182 CE. By the 14th century, the Bundela dynasty emerged and supplanted the Khangar rulers. Before the advent of British colonial rule in India, the region of Bundelkhand also included several princely states, such as Orchha, Datia , and Samthar.Also , kingdoms such as Damoh , Ramgarh were ruled by Lodhi Rajputs

29. RELIGION