Ranunculaceae group in Homoeopathic Materia Medica.

Dr DON J SCOTT BERIN G BHMS(MD)
DEPARTMENT OF MATERIA MEDICA
WHITE MEMORIAL HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGE VEEYANOOR, ATTOOR. KANYAKUMARI DISTRICT,
TAMIL NADU.

1. RANUNCULACEAE, THE BUTTERCUP FAMILY “ A FAMILY WITH GREAT DIVERSITY OF FLOWER DESIGN " Dr DON J SCOTT BERIN G BHMS(MD) DEPARTMENT OF MATERIA MEDICA WHITE MEMORIAL HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICAL COLLEGE VEEYANOOR, ATTOOR.

2. ARISTOTLE ( 384–322 BC)   FATHER OF BIOLOGY

3. Aesculapius God of Medicine in ancient Greek

4. FATHER OF MEDIVIAL MEDICINE

5. THIS POWER POINT IS DEDICATED TO MY LIVING GOD MOST RESPECTED MOM DAD GURU

6. POEM OF RANUNCULACEAE - John Clare 1821 When daisies pied, and violets blue,  And cuckoo-buds of yellow hue,  And Lady-smocks all silver-white,  Do paint the meadows with delight  Love ’ Labour’s Lost, v., 2 - ‘cuckoo-buds’ = buttercups The buttercups, the little children’s dower  - Far brighter than this gaudy melon-flower!  Rober Browning, ‘Home Thoughts, from Abroad ’

7. Both milkmaid’s shouts and herdsman’s call  Have vanished with the green  The king kups yellow shades and all  Shall never more be seen  For all the cropping that does grow  Will so efface the scene  (John Clare 1821, ‘ Helpston Green’ — a moist part, if this really refers to  Caltha palustris ) Whatsoever man fasting eats this wort , leaves his life laughing  (Quoted by Gilmour (‘British Botanists’, 1956), from a medieval manuscript - of  Ranunculus sceleratus , with reference to facial strictus induced by its toxin)

8. INTRODUCTION Ranunculaceae  ( buttercup  or  crowfoot family ; Latin  rānunculus  "little frog", from  rāna  "frog") is a family of over 2,000 known species of flowering plants in 43 genera, distributed worldwide. The Buttercup family may be considered "simple" from an evolutionary standpoint, but it includes some flowers that are highly complex in appearance, such as the delphinium and columbine. Yet these flowers are still considered "simple" because all the parts are independently attached.   

9. Buttercups can have either regular or irregular flowers with anywhere from 3 to 15 sepals, often colored like petals, and 0 to 23 actual petals. There are often, but not always, numerous stamens and 3- to numerous simple pistils ( apocarpous ). The floral parts are all independently attached below a superior ovary. Most have bisexual flowers, except some species of meadow rue ( Thalictrum ) and  Clematis . Worldwide, there are 35-70 genera in the Buttercup family and about 2,000 species. Twenty-three genera are found in North America.

10. For the purposes of identification, the most accurate pattern to look for is the multiple simple pistils at the center of the flower. In more advanced plant families there is typically only one pistil, the result of a reduction in numbers along with the fusion of several pistils to make a single compound pistil. A flower with multiple pistils is very likely a Buttercup, but could potentially be confused with species from the Rose subfamily of the Rose Family.

11. A secondary pattern that is often easier to see, but not as consistent, is the hooked tips on the pistils. If you are not sure if you are looking at several separate pistils or some that are only partially fused together, then look for a hook at the tip of the pistil. Many species have hooked pistils, and the hooks often persist as the ovary matures after pollination.

12. The predominant property in the plants of the Buttercup family is an acrid protoanemonin glycoside oil. Most of the species are listed as poisonous, but  most  are safe to  taste . The buttercup taste is biting and acrid, stronger in some plants than others. Taste it and spit it out. The acrid properties of the buttercups are unstable and are destroyed by drying or cooking, so the very mild buttercups are edible as salad greens or pot herbs. But be careful not to over do even these, as the residual acrid properties may cause a mild inflammation of the kidneys or liver. Mucilaginous plants can be ingested to counter-effect the acrid buttercups

13. . Medicinally, the  acrid  nature of the plants makes them great for stimulating poultices, similar to a "mustard plaster". These poultices can be used on bruises, aches or arthritis to stimulate healing activity inside, but be careful, because the poultices can cause blistering if left in place too long. The poultice can even stimulate activity in cases of mild paralysis. The acrid quality is also beneficial for getting rid of lice. Goldenseal ( Hydrastis ) is a popular medicinal herb from this family. It is favored for the very bitter and highly antiseptic berberine alkaloid, also found in a few related genera and in the  Barberry Family .

14. DISTRIBUTION Distribution pattern Genera:  It has almost 20 genera. Species:  Almost 1200 species are exists in this family. Distribution:  The member of this family are distribured in cold regions. Presence/ Existance : Its members are broadly found in Himalayan region of PAK and IND. Nilgiri hills a part of Tamil Nadu. 

15. Important Species Thalictrum delavayi (Chinese meadow-rue) Ranunculus muricatus . Butter cup Delphinium ajacis , Larkspur Ficaria verna (Pilewort) Ranunculus muricatus (a weed) Aconitum uncinatum (a wild herb)

16. SUB GROUPS ANEMONIAN CLEMATIDEAE HELLEBOREAE RANUNCULUAE

17. CLASSIFICATION

18. WARNING A number of plants in this family, especially  Aconitum  and  Delphinium  contain concentrations of toxic terpenoid alkaloids. These alkaloids depress the central nervous system; they are often used for nervous disorders, antispasmodics and sedatives. Some of these plants can be cautiously used internally (by professionals only!) as heart and respiratory sedatives.

19. Characters of Ranunculaceae

20. A. Diagonostic Characters: Herbs, leaves exstipulate , incised blades, sheathing bases, flowers hypogynous , spiral or spirocyclic ; sepals often decidous , usually petaloid ; calyx and corolla free; stamens indefinite, free; carpels polycarpellary, apocarpous ; fruit aggregate.

21. B. Vegetative Characters: Habit: The plants are annual or perennial herbs or a climbing shrubs (Clematis, Naravelia ), rarely trees. They perennate by means of tuberous roots (Aconitum) or rhizomes.

22. Root: Tap root, adventitious or tuberous (Ranunculus spp. and Aconitum). The tap root system is in the initial stage but sooner or later replaced by the adventitious roots. Stem: Herbaceous, in some climbing (Clematis) or underground rhizome or erect, branched.

23. Leaves: Generally simple, alternate, or opposite (Clematis) exstipulate rarely stipulate ( Thalictrum ), sheathing leaf base, petiolate rarely sessile (Delphinium). In some aquatic species leaves may show dimorphy (Ranunculus aquatilis ); unicostate or multicostate reticulate venation.

24. C. Floral Characters: Inflorescence: Solitary terminal (Anemone), axillary (Clematis), raceme (Aconitum, Delphinium) and cymose (Ranunculus spp.). Flower: Pedicellate , ebracteate rarely bracteate , hermaphrodite, (unisexual in Thalictrum ). Mostly actinomorphic (Ranunculus) rarely zygomorphic (Delphinium and Aconitum) hypogynous , complete, pentamerous .

25. Calyx: There is no distinction of calyx and corolla in most of the flowers. Sepals 5, caducous , polysepalous, petaloid , imbricate or valvate aestivation. Corolla: Petals 5, polypetalous, variously coloured , caducous or wanting; nectaries present at the base of petals. Petals are united to form spur (Delphinium). Androecium : Stamens indefinite, polyandrous, spirally arranged on the thalamus, inferior; anthers dithecous , extrorse and adnate .

26. Gynoecium : Polycarpellary (one carpel in Delphinium and 3 to 5 in Aconitum), apocarpous rarely syncarpous ( Nigella ), ovary superior, marginal placentation ( axile in Nigella ). Fruit : Aggregate, etario of achenes (Ranunculus), etario of follicle (Aconitum), follicle (Delphinium), septicidal capsule ( Nigella ) or berry ( Actaea ), etario of drupes (Adonis), etario of berries ( Hydrastis ) and simple pod ( Xanthorhiza ).

27. Seed: Small, oily and endospermic. Pollination: Generally entomophilous (Delphinium, Aconitum, Aquilegia) and anemophilous in Thalictrum .

28. Medicinal Aconitum hererophyllum and A. napellus yield a number of alkaloids specially aconitin . This is used in acute and inflammatory diseases. The roots of Thalictrum yields “ mamira ”, which is used in opthalamia . Anemone pulsatilla is mostly used in feminine diseases and in gastric derangements. Pulsatilla obtained from Anemone pulsatilla is a good medicine for menstrual disorder.

29. Cimicifuga racemosa gives the black Snake root containing resins. This has been recommended for treatment of cholera and nervous pain. Helleborus niger and H. foetida produce glycosides useful as purgatives in veterinary practices. Delphinium staphisagria is used as antiparasitic ointment.

30. Chemodiversity of Ranunculaceae Medicinal Plants

31. arrest

32. The Ranunculaceae or buttercup family is far-flung across the globe except in the tropics with many genera sporting different flower designs The family is noted for many garden ornamentals as well as toxic plants, whose poisonous principles, used in small doses, may be therapeutic None are used for food The family is nearly entirely herbaceous, most of the members perennial California is home to a number of genera with several beautiful species for the garden

33. Although the flower designs are diverse, several features help to make identification relatively easy The leaves are often either palmately lobed and veined or ternately compound, and lack stipules The flowers feature (usually) 5 separate sepals and petals (petals sometimes replaced by colored sepals), numerous spirally arranged stamens, and several to many simple pistils with superior ovaries The fruit typically becomes either a single-seeded achene or a multiseeded follicle (one native exception) The family most likely to be confused with it is the Rosaceae, whose herbaceous members often also have numerous stamens and simple pistils but rosaceous plants have stipules, and (in the herbaceous species) an apparently double calyx

34. Here is an example of similar flower design in the two families: on the left is buttercup, on the right potentilla from the rose family

35. As mentioned, there are different flower designs in the Ranunculaceae, which relate to pollination One line features rather flat flowers, the stamens and pistils open to all sorts of different pollinators. Genera include Ranunculus, Anemone, Caltha, and Clematis Another line has elimintaed colorful petals and sepals and is wind pollinated. The principal genus for that design is Thalictrum Another line has added special nectar spurs to a symmetrical flower in the genus Aquilegia , Finally some genera have irregular flowers with hoods or spurs that attract butterflies and bumblebees. Our two genera are Delphinium and Aconitum

36. The type genus Ranunculus or buttercup features green sepals and colorful, usually yellow or white petals, and produces achene type fruits. Here you see the common California buttercup, R. californicus

37. California buttercup blooms in early spring and is widespread in oak woodlands and grasslands. Here you see a potential pollinator. Note that this species has 10 or more petals as compared to most other buttercups.

38. Typical buttercup leaves are deeply palmately lobed.

39. While California butterucp lives in dry woods, R. orthorhynchus bloomeri lives in coastal wetlands.

40. The creeping buttercup, R. flammula sports tiny flowers on creeping stems by marshes and other wetlands

41. Another creeping buttercup, R. repens , is an aggressive perennial from Europe spreading by runners in moist coastal woods

42. Several buttercups live in moist mountain meadows like this R. alismaefolius . Note the unlobed leaves, an unusual feature of this species.

43. Meanwhile, the alpine buttercup, R. eschscholzii , favors rocky slopes that are irrigated underneath by snow melt.

44. Perhaps the most unusual buttercup is the water buttercup, R. aquatilis that lives in slow streams and ponds, covering the water in season with snowy white flowers

45. Here you see the two kinds of leaves on water buttercup— surface leaves that resemble other species and underwater leaves that are divided into slender filaments

46. Our other genera with flat flowers lack petals and instead substitute colorful sepals to attract polliinators. Anemone or wind flower has several attractive species. Here you see a flower of woodland anemone, A. deltoides from northern conifer forests.

47. A close view of A. deltoides flower shows the numerous stamens and central mound of numerous, tiny green pistils

48. The more delicate rue-anemone, A nemone oregana , grows in coastal forests from the Bay Area northwards and features smaller white to purple-tinted flowers. Note the trifoliate leaves.

49. By contrast, A nemone drummondii or Drummond’s anemone, lives on loose scree slopes in the high Klamath Mountains. It is actually easy to grow in containers and blooms in summer.

50. Occasional individuals of A nemone drummondii feature blue-purple flowers.

51. The western anemone or pasque-flower, A nemone occidentalis , is another high-mountain dweller, widely scattered from Mt Shasta south into the high Sierra. Note the feathery, much-divided leaves, a feature it share with A nemone drummondii

52. Western anemone has flowers on stalks to a foot high. This species has proven very difficult to cultivate.

53. Anemones produce achenes with fuzzy hairs, in the case of western anemone, plumed styles that carry seeds on the wind. Note the huge number of fruits from a single flower.

54. The so-called marsh marigoldm Caltha howellii , is not a marigold at all but rather, looks like a white anemone. It is distinguished by follicles in fruit and unique kidney-shaped leaves.

55. Here’s a close view of a marsh marigold flower. The flowers appear just after snow melt in high, wet mountain meadows

56. Our last genus with flat flowers is Clematis or virgin’s bower, noted for being a woody, deciduous vine, the only member of the family with this habit. Here you see a vine smothering a shrub.

57. Our most common species, C lematis lasiantha , grows in chaparral throughout the foothills and is usually dioecious. Here you see a male flower with its numerous stamens.

58. Like western anemone, Clematis produces numerous achenes per flower, each tipped by a long plumelike style for wind dispersal .

59. A second clematis is C lematis ligusticfiolia , a widespread riparina species that blooms in summer rather than spring.

60. Although both clematises have similar fruits, the flowers of C lematis ligusticifolia are much smaller than those of C lematis lasiantha.

61. The genus Thalictrum meadowrue is mainly wind pollinated, featuring greenish flowers with long protruding stamens and pistils. Here you see the highly ternately compound leaves of foothill meadowrue, T halictrum polycarpum , in early spring

62. Our common meadowrues, T halictrum fendleri from mountain meadows and T halictrum polycarpum from foothill woodlands are both dioecious. Here you see the long stamens of the male flowers.

63. The female flowers ripen into green, one-seeded achenes in fruit

64. The columbines in the genus Aquilegia (meaning eagle for the nectar spurs) are a unique group with 5 spreading colored sepals, 5 petals, each ending in a nectar spur, and numerous long stamens. Here you see the widespread red columbine, A quilegia formosa

65. Red columbine makes a splendid forest garden plant, living in woods in the coastal foothills and climbing into the high Sierra. This flower is a favorite with hummingbirds.

66. The serpentine red columbine, A quilegia eximia , is scattered on serpentine seeps, featuring similar looking red flowers and blue- green leaves.

67. Columbine leaves are often bluis green and ternately compound, overall similar in pattern to meadowrue.

68. A quilegia pubescens , the alpine columbine, has horizontally held pale flowers with extra long nectar spurs. It is hawkmoth pollinated.

69. Often alpine columbine also has a pale yellow form

70. Where alpine and red columbines overlap in distribution, hybrids may occur. This clump of alpine columbine shows the influence of the red columbine by its pink sepals. Happily, the alpine columbine grows well in Bay Area gardens .

71. The baneberry, Actaea rubra , is an unusual member of the buttercup family that doesn’t fit any particular mold. Living in moist forests, it sends up large highly compound leaves in midspring .

72. Baneberry blooms in late spring to early summer with narrow panicles of tiny white flowers.

73. Unlike any other Ranculaceae, baneberry produces shiny red berries, which are highly toxic but add a flash of color to the summer garden.

74. Another unusual member of Ranunculaceae is the gold-thread, Coptis laciniata , which forms sprawling semiwoody colonies in the deep shade of coastal forests

75. Goldthread’s umbels of tiny white flowers are followed by papery follicles

76. Our last two genera are the ones with irregular flowers. We’ll start with Aconitum columbianum or monkshood, which favors wet meadows and streamside in the mountains.

77. The name monkshood refers to the hooded upper sepal, the other sepals smaller and of a different shape. Meanwhile, the petals have been modified into small, nectar-secreting glands hidden inside the sepal hood.

78. Only one species of monkshood lives in California but there is considerable color variation in the flowers. Bumblebees are the primary pollinators.

79. While there’s only one species monkshood, California is home to quite a number of larkspurs in the genus Delphinium (the name means dolphin for the sleek shape of the flowers) Larkspurs all share a similar floral plan: 5 showy sepals, the upper producing a long nectar spur, and 4 smaller, two-lipped petals partially hiding the numerous stamens Larkspurs occur from coastal bluffs and grasslands into the high mountains, sometimes in woodlands, sometimes in wet meadows, and other times in rocky scree Identification of species from keys is difficult because you’re required to dig up the plant to see whether it has easily removed tuberous roots or a strong tough taproot. Larkspurs seldom last long in gardens but are very ornamental Larkspur flower colors include white, purple, blue, scarlet red, yellow, and pink

80. Here you see a close side view of desert larkspur, D elphinum . parishii flower, revealing the petals partially hiding the stamens

81. Two common blue to purple foothills larkspurs are D elphinum patens on the left, and D elphinum variegatum or royal larkspur on the right

82. The seep larkspur, D elphinum uliginosum , is an unsual blue-flowered species blooming in early summer on temporary streams on serpentine rock on Walker Ridge and other parts of the inner north Coast Ranges.

83. The northern larkspur, D elphinum trolliifolium , is a robust plant living on the edge of moist forests

84. The spectacular meadow larkspur, D elphinum glaucum , is a common sight in high mountain meadows growiing up to 5 feet high in summer.

85. The California larkspur, D elphinum californicum , despite attractive delphinium-like leaves has rather disappointingly drab, hairy flowers on 3-foot stalks and lives in brushy woods in the Bay Area

86. Our only yellow larkspur, D elphinum luteum , is a dwarf growing on coastal bluffs near Bodega Bay but is easy to grow in gardens.

87. Closely related is the scarlet larkspur ( D elphinum nudicaule ), a hummingbird flower common on rocky semi-shaded slopes in the foothills.

88. Scarlet larkspur leaves are typical of the genus, broad, rounded in outline and deeply palmately lobed.

89. A similar species from Southern California, D elphinum cardinale or cardinal larkspur, produces taller flowering stalks to 4 or more feet high, blooms in summer, and grows in dry chaparral

90. Finally, the rare pink larkspur, D elphinum purpusii , makes an appearance on semishaded rocky slopes in Kern River canyon and similar places in the southern Sierra foothills.

91. Altogether then, the buttercup family provides the gardener with many attractive and often easy-to-grow species A few buttercups are found in the trade, along with the red columbine, the baneberry, the foothill meadowrue, and a few larkspurs including the scarlet larkspur Although alpine columbine, the various anemones, and many larkspurs as well as monkshood are difficult to source, most grow perfectly well in Bay Area gardens

92. RANUNCULACEAE FAMILY IN HOMOEOPATHIC MATERIA MEDICA

93. Outline   The Buttercup family is like a window back in time. None of today's species were around 100 million years ago, but the Buttercups and other primitive groups like the Magnolias have retained the most ancestral characteristics over time. The Buttercups are considered very "simple" because the floral parts-the petals, sepals, stamens and pistils-are all of an indefinite number and separate from one another. Also, the stamens and pistils are spirally inserted in a cone-like receptacle, although it is often very small to see. More advanced plant families have reduced, more specific numbers of floral parts, and the parts are often fused together.

94. Introduction They feel that the world is raw. It is too harsh and insensitive to other people. They therefore seek guidance from others, they seek protection and comfort. There is a conflict between their childish and weak personality that needs comfort and protection on the one hand and the desire to be someone in the community on the other hand. They want to be seen as successful and strong but can easily be brought out of balance by shocks, unexpected threats or being criticised . It is the conflict between the child and the adult in them. He has to be able to rely completely on himself at one hand but feels alone in the world and has to survive all the dangers and problems. They can easily suppress their emotions and sexuality in order to fulfil the rules of the community and to be accepted. But the suppression is usually not very perfect, leading to emotional outbursts, hysterical and attention-seeking behaviour .

95. Phytochemistry Ranunculaceae contain  protoanemonin , which is toxic to humans and animals. Contact with plant sap may cause inflammation and blistering of the skin, while ingestion can cause irritation of the mouth, vomiting, and diarrhea. Other poisonous or toxic compounds, alkaloids and glycosides, are also common.

96. Homoeopathic Medicines made out of  Rananculaceae  group of plants and their preparation, properties and clinical indications

97. Background All most all plants of the “ Ranunculi ” are poisonous and some of its members are slightly narcotic. Aconite is one of the deadliest and most rapidly acting poison. Aconitum ferox is the most poisonous species known, containing greatest proportion of ‘ aconitine .’ Aconitum lycotonum is the only aconite, which does not contain ‘ aconitine ’. Aconitum napellus is much more poisonous to carnivorous animals than to the herbivores ( Teste ). It has been used throughout history as an arrow poison. The root contains nine times more poison than the leave. Hunter dipped their arrows in to the plants before hunting wolves and hence the common name “wolf’s bane”.

98. 1. Aconitum cammarum 2. Aconitum ferox 3. Aconitum lycoctonum 4. Aconitum napellus 5. Actea racemosa 6. Actea spicata 7. Adonis vernalis 8. Aquilegia vulgaris 9. Caltha palustris 10.Clematis erecta

99. 11.Clematis vitalba 12. Helleborus foetidus 13. Helleborus niger 14. Helleborus orientalis 15. Helleborus viridis 16. Hepatica 17. Hydrastis Canadensis 18. Paeonia officianalis 19. Pulsatilla nigricans 20. Pulsatilla nuttaliana

100. 21. Ranunculus acris 22. Ranunculus bulbosus 23. Ranunculus ficaria 24. Ranunculus flamula 25. Ranunculus glacialis 26. Ranunculus repens 27. Ranunculus scleratus 28. Staphysagria

101. Non-Homoeopathic uses

102. Aconite -used as an arrow poison Actea racemosa – root of the plant was used by Native American as a medicine for rattlesnake bite (hence the common name “rattle root”) and for menstrual and labor pain. The root was also chewed as a sedative and alleviates depression. In herbalism the root is still used as a diuretic, a cough suppressant and to reduce inflammation and rheumatic pain.

103. Staphysagria – was taken internally to cause vomiting and purge the bowels and used externally in the form of an ointment as an antidote to stings and bite. Hydrastis – the yellow juice extracted from the root was once used as a dye. The yellow root of this herb was used by the Native American tribe as a tonic for indigestion and the treatment of cancer, liver disorder, fever and heart problems. Pulsatilla – in 18th century it was used to treat catarrh, ulcers, tooth decay and depression.

104. GENERAL FEATURES

105. CONSTITUTION: PERSONS LEADING A SEDENTARY LIFE, TIMID, STRONG, ROBUST, OR DELICATE, PLETHORIC, SANGUINE DARK HAIR AND EYES WITH RIGID MUSCULAR FIBERS.

106. TEMPERAMENT IRRITABLE AND NERVOUS

107. DIATHESIS RHEUMATIC, GOUTY, TUBERCULAR

108. MIASM PSORA SYCOSIS

109. ACTIVE PRINCIPLES

110. SAPONIN ANEMONIN NEOPELLINE ANEMON CAMPHOR POTASSIUM SULPHATE ACOTININE EPHEDRINE ANEMONIC ACID ISOANEMONIC ACID ACONITIC AND SUCCINIC ACID

111. THEME FRIGHT ANXIETY RESTLESS GREAT FEAR SHIFTING PAINS WEEPING TENDENCY ILLUSION OF MOUSE RUNNING

112. IRRITABILITY CHANGEABILITY EASILY ANGERED WANTS CONSOLATION

113. AILMENTS FROM

114. CHILL ICE CREAM STARCHY FOOD ABORTION INDIGESTION TEA AND COFFEE GETTING FEET WET EATING FATTY FOOD ABUSE OF QUININE IRREGULAR MENSES WORM AFFECTION

115. ABUSE OF MERCURY ABUSE OF SULPHUR

116. SPHERE OF ACTION

117. MUSCLES NERVOUS SYSTEM MUCOUSMEMBRANE

118. PATHO PHYSIOLOGY

119. NEURO MUSCULAR SYSTEM

120. IT HAS MARKED ACTION ON MUSCLES AND NERVES PRODUCING ACHING,NAUSEA,VERTIGO, DEBILITY,SORENESS,TWITCHING, CONVULSION,FEVERISH FEELING, BRUISED SENSATION.

121. MUCOUS AND SEROUS MEMBRANE

122. THEY ACT ON MUCOUS AND SEROUS MEMBRANE CAUSING MODERATE TO SEVERE INFLAMATION BECAUSE OF THEIR CORROSIVE PROPERTY, PRODUCING INCREASED OR PROFUSE DISCHARGE, SEVERE INFLAMMATION, TUMIFACTION AND ULCERATION WITH BURNING AND SMARTING PAIN.

123. CHARACTERISTIC MENTAL SYMPTOMS

124. DEPRESSION AND GLOOMINESS UNCONSCIOUSNESS ANXIETY AND HYSTERIA IRRITABILITY FEARFUL MELANCHOLY

125. DEPRESSION AND GLOOMINESS

126. DEPRESSION AND GLOOMINESS DUE TO ANXIETY, EXTREME TOUCHINESS AND TIMIDITY ARE DUE TO TREMENDOUS WEAKNESS, LOW INNER STRENGTH OR LACK OF WILL POWER.

127. UNCONSCIOUSNESS

128. IDEAS ARE VERY RAPID, IMPAIRED FUNCTIONS IN ALMOST ALL DRUGS OF THIS FAMILY. COMPLETE UNCONSCIOUSNESS AND THOUGHTLESSNESS

129. ANXIETY AND HYSTERIA

130. THERE IS ANXIETY, LACK OF WILL, BALANCE OR GREAT DISTURBANCE IN THE VOLUNTARY SYSTEM WHICH LEADS TO HYSTERIA ILLUSION OF BLACK CLOUD SETTLED ON HER

131. IRRITABILITY

132. EASILY IRRITABLE, ANGER AND IRRITABILITY IN HIGH DEGREE, EASILY GET VEXED LEADING TO WEEPING, QUARRELSOME, SCOLDING,BITING, ETC.

133. FEARFUL

134. TIMIDITY AND FEAR OF DARK, GHOSTS, FRIGHTENED EASILY WITH ITS CONSEQUENCES. MAINLY FEAR OF INSANITY, FEAR OF DEATH, AGONISING FEAR FROM TRIFLES, SUICIDAL TENDENCY.

135. MELANCHOLY

136. SADNESS AND MELANCHOLY IS THE CHARACTERISTIC FEATURE OF THIS FAMILY, THESE REMEDIES ARE HOPELESS OR DO NOTHING. SADNESS, DEPRESSION, GLOOMY, SAD WITHOUT CAUSE, INDIFFERENT, DISINCLINED TO MEET EVEN AGREEABLE COMPANY AND AVERSION TO COMPANY WITH DESIRE FOR SOLITUDE.

137. Mental features of some of the important Medicines

138. Hypersensitiveness to all external impression ( Ranunculies are hypersensitive both mentally and physically) Aconite – to music, noise, touch, pain etc. Clematis— to touch. Pulsatilla — to heat and noise. Ranun . bulb— to touch. Staphysagria – to rudness , to touch. Punishment from, violence from and sexual abusement from. (Because of this hypersensitiveness staphysagria subjected to ailments from being abused or ailments after humiliation.)

139. Violent anger and ailments after anger Violent anger – Aconite, Pulsatilla and Staphysagria . Ailments from anger– Aconite, Cimicifuga , Pulsatilla and Staphysagria Anger vexation from — Aconite, Cimicifuga , Ranunculus bulb and Staphysagria (Vexation –long continued mental trauma)

140. Absent minded Aconite Actea spic Clematis Hellibores Hydrastis Pulsatilla Ranunculus bulb Ranunculus spicata .

141. Aversion to company Aconite Actea racimosa Clematis Hellibores Pulsatilla Staphysagria (Amelioration when alone – Hellibores and Staphysagria ) Staphysagria is the only Ranunculi , which have desire for, company i.e. both desire and aversion to company.

142. Ailments after fright Aconite Actea racimosa Actea spicata Capriciousness Aconite Actea racimosa Pulsatilla Staphysagria

143. Dreams a) Amorous Aconite, Clematis, Hydrastis , Pulsatilla , Staphysagria Amorous dreams with pollution — Pulsatilla and Staphysagria b) Of animal Hydrastis Pulsatilla Staphysagria c) Frightful Aconite, Actea racemosa , Hellibores , Hydrastis , Pulsatilla Ranunculus bulb, Ranunc . s picata , Staphysagria d) Snakes Ranunculus ac, Ranunculus bulb, Ranunc . spicata

144. CHARACTERISTIC PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS

145. MENSES SLEEP SEXUAL DESIRE PARALYSIS AND NUMBNESS TONGUE DESIRE FOR STIMULANTS THIRST URINE STOOL

146. MENSES

147. IRREGULAR MENSES IN MANY DRUGS. SOMETIMES AMENORRHOEA, SCANTY MENSES, MENORRHAGIA, METRORRHAGIA AND COPIOUS MENSES.

148. SLEEP

149. SLEEPLESSNESS IN MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DRUGS

150. SEXUAL DESIRE

151. STRONG SEXUAL DESIRE IN SOME REMEDIES

152. PARALYSIS AND NUMBNESS

153. THERE IS NUMBNESS AND COMPLETE PARALYSIS OF THE ORGANS.

154. TONGUE

155. YELLOW DIRTY WHITE TONGUE WITH INCREASED SALIVATION, LACHRYMATION, ERUCTATION. PAIN IN EYES, HEART AND STOMACH. DIM VISION AND NIGHT BLINDNESS.

156. DESIRE FOR STIMULANTS

157. THERE IS STRONG DESIRE FOR ACIDS AND STIMULANTS IN THIS FAMILY

158. THIRST

159. INCREASED THIRST IN MAXIMUM NUMBER OF DRUGS. SOMETIMES BOTH THIRST AND THIRSTLESSNES MAY BE FOUND.

160. URINE

161. URINE WITH MUCOUS. THERE MAY BE PAINFUL URINATION IN NEWLY MARRIED COUPLES.

162. SOMETIMES THERE IS INVOLUNTARY URINATION WITH WHITE SEDIMENT IN URINE

163. STOOLS

164. LOOSE, BLOODY STOOL CONTAINING MUCOUS WITH BURNING PAIN IN RECTUM, STOOL IS LUMPY WITH MUCOUS.

165. CONSTIPATION AND DIARRHOEA MAY BE FOUND

166. Physical features Thermal reaction — Most of them are chilly. According to Gibson Miller Side affinity –Complaints more on right side Miasm – Psora is the predominant miasm Psora – Aconite Actea racimosa Hellebores Psora and sycosis – Pulsatilla Ranunculus bul Staphysagria Hydrastis covers all three miasm - psora , syphilis and sycosis .

167. Dipsomania or Alcoholism Aconite Actea racemosa Hellibores Hydrastis Pulsatilla Ranunculus bulb Staphysagria Delirium tremens Aconite   Actea racemosa Hellibores Pulsatilla Ranunculus bulb Aggravation from tobacco Aconite Clematis Hellibores Pulsatilla Ranunculus bulb Staphysagria

168. Aversion to milk or aggravation from milk Aversion milk – Aconite Pulsatilla Staphysagria Aggravation from milk — Aconite Hellibores Pulsatilla Staphysagria Aggravation from sour or acid Aconite Pulsatilla Staphysagria

169. Perspiration on single part or one sided One sided — Aconite Pulsatilla Ranunculus bulb Single parts — Aconite Hellebores Pulsatilla Lower part of the body — Ranunculus bulb Perspiration unilaterally — Pulsatilla Upper part — Aconite Pulsatilla Lain on part — Pulsatilla Aggravation or ailments from suppression of sexual desire Hellibores Pulsatilla Staphysagria Shocks after injury or shocks from injury Aconite Ranunculus bulb Staphysagria

170. All types of menstrual irregularities Amenorrhea Aconite Actea racemosa Hellibores Pulsatilla Staphysagria Too early too soon Aconite       Actea racemosa Clematis Hellibores Hydrastis Pulsatilla Staphysagria Too late Aconite Actea racemosa Hellibores Profuse - long lasting or scanty and short duration Hydrastis Pulsatilla Staphysagria

171. Anti cancerous Caltha palustris uterine cancer Clematis Cancer of breast and womb Hydrastis Cancer of stomach Actea spicata Cancer of stomach

172. Great dryness of the tongue and mouth Aconite Hellibores Hydrastis Pulsatilla Staphysagria Dryness morning on waking without thirst — Pulsatilla Dryness on center — Aconite

173. Many of them are anti convulsant Aconite Cimicifuga Hellibores Pulsatilla   Ranunculus bulb Ranunculus spic Staphysagria Convulsion after anger – Staphysagria

174. General aggravation during or after sleep Aconite Clematis Hellibores Pulsatilla Staphysagria

175. General aggravation from motion Aconite Cimicifuga Clematis Hellibores Pulsatilla Ranunculus bulb Ranunculus spic Staphysagria General aggravation evening and night Aconite Cimicifuga Clematis Hellibores Pulsatilla Ranunculus bulb Ranunculus spic Staphysagria

176. Tendency to take cold easily Aconite Cimicifuga Clematis Pulsatilla Staphysagria Emaciation rather than obesity   Emaciation – Clematis Hellibores Hydrastis Pulsatilla Staphysagria

177. Prominent action on breast Actea racemosa -   Inflammation of breast. Paeonia – Breast ulceration. Pulsatilla — swelling of breast with tensive pain, as if the milk rushed in to them and caused pressure while nursing. Lumbs of breast on girls before puberty. Ranunculus – Acute pain principally in axilla and breast, so severe in breast she dreaded cancer. Clematis – cancer of breast

178. GENERAL MODALITIES

179. AGGRAVATION

180. WARM ROOM, FROM WARMTH IN GENERAL, IN THE EVENING, NIGHT, EXTREME COLD.

181. AMELIORATION

182. COFFEE GENTLE MOTION OPEN AIR

183. THERAPEUTIC VALUE

184. CARDIAC DYSPNOEA CATARRHAL CONDITIONS COLIC COUGH DEPRESSION HODGKIN’S DISEASE HYDROTHORAX

185. HYPERAEMIA INFLUENZA INTERMITTENT FEVER TYPHOID MENTAL AND PHYSICAL RESTLESSNESS NEURALGIA

186. NIGHT BLINDNESS PARALYTIC CONDITIONS PURPURA MILIARIS RHEUMATIC CONDITIONS WITH SWELLING SKIN COMPLAINTS SUPPRESSION OF URINE TACHYCARDIA

187. THANK YOU