Rathva Divya.pptx tonsil mbajsbsjsbhshbsbb

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1. Welcome

2. TOPIC :- GOITER MS. DIVYA RATHVA SY GNM ROLL NO:- 26

3. Introduction Goiter refers to an abnormal growth of your thyroid gland. Though goiters are typically unproblematic, a large goiter can cause a cough and make it difficult for you to swallow or breathe. A goiter can be result of over- or underproduction of thyroid hormones or lumps that develop in the gland itself.

4. Definition Goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland, with a lack of thyroid malfunction or thyroid cancer being apparent. Most goiters are non-cancerous and goiters are not tumours . The thyroid gland is located at the front of the neck where the collarbones meet.

5. Causes of goiter Iodine deficiency Thyroid cancer Smoking Hormonal changes

6. Signs and Symptoms Hypothyroidism Fatigue Dry skin Constipation Muscle weakness Fatigue

7. Hyperthyroidism Weight loss Rapid heartbeat Sleep difficulty High blood pressure Hair loss

8. Types of goiter Multinodular goiter Diffuse smooth goiter Retrosternal goiter

9. Multinodular goiter :- in this common condition, multiple nodules develop in the thyroid. Diffuse smooth goiter :- this occurs when the entire thyroid swells. Retrosternal goiter :- this type of goiter can grow behind the breastbone.

10. Diagnostic evaluation History collection. Physical examination. Blood test A goiter associated with an overactive thyroid usually involves a high level of thyroid hormone in the blood and lower than normal TSH level.

11. Treatment of goiter In case of iodine deficiency – small dose of iodine in form of lugol’s iodine or potassium iodide solution given. If thyroid is underactive – thyroid supplement i.e. Levothyroxine given. Surgery done to remove the large goiters . It can be partial or complete layroidectomy .

12. Nursing management Maintain proper airway as tracheal compression can occur. Asses signs of airway obstruction- monitor spo2. Keep suction & intubation tray near bedside. 4. Maintain high fowler’ s position during meals & 30 min afterwards to prevent aspiration. 5. Instruct the patient wear loose clothes at neck that does not make it tight around neck and choose clothes that does not draw any attention to neck.

13. 6. Advice the patient to take medicines regularly as prescribed and do not alter the dose at own level. Advice the patient to report signs/ symptoms of thyrotoxic crisis like tachycardia, palpitations, perspiration, shakiness & tremors. Instruct the patient to report increase in neck swelling, weight loss & difficulty in breathing & swallowing. Advice the surgical patient to inspect neck for swelling, redness, tenderness and any discharge.

14. Thank you