Rational drug therapy A.R.S.

Rational drug therapy

1. Prepared By :- Abu Raihan Shams Pharm. D , 2 nd Guided By :- Dr. Shazia Usmani

2. RATIONAL DRUG THERAPY T OPIC

3. Rational drug therapy means “prescribing right drug, in adequate dose for the sufficient duration & appropriate to the clinical needs of the patient at lowest cost ”. Essential medicines are the drugs that have the best balance of quality, safety, efficacy and cost for a given element and are needed almost to the cure of majority of population . Introduction

4. OBJECTIVES OF RATIONAL DRUG THERAPY Main objective is to maximize the effectiveness and safety of medication. To identify the patients requiring proper counseling. To minimize the risk of medication errors. To make a check on economy related to health care .

5. PRINCIPLES OF ESSENTIAL DRUG CONCEPT Maximum treatment with minimum drugs. Adequate drug utilization. Economic and efficient carrying out activities. Proper information to the patients.

6. Maximum treatment with minimum drugs Common health problems of majority of population can be treated with small and carefully selected medicines.

7. Adequate drug utilization Health professionals routinely use less than 200 medicines . Training and clinical experience should focus on proper use of those selected medicines.

8. Economic and efficient carrying out activities Procurement, distribution and other supply activities can be carried out most economically and effectively for a limited number of drug problems.

9. Proper information to the patients Patient can be better informed about the effective use of medicine by the health care professionals.

10. Importance of essential drug therapy Right dosage Right frequency Right route of administration At the right time For the right patient Cost effective Economic health impact

11. Clari t hr o m yc i n Spectinomycin Doxycycline M e tro n i d azole Amoxicillin Aceta m ino phen Aspirin Ibuprofen Pseudoephedrine Calcium carbonate Ferrous gluc o nate Om e prazo l e Famotidine Multi vitamin Oxymetaz ol i ne LIST OF SOME RATIONAL DRUGS AS PER WHO GUIDELINES

12. REASONS FOR IRRATIONAL USE OF DRUGS Lack of information Faulty & inadequate training & education of medical graduates Poor communication between health professional & patient Lack of diagnostic facilities/Uncertainty of diagnosis Demand from the patient Defective drug supply system & ineffective drug regulation

13. ROLE OF PHARMACIST IN RATIONAL DRUG THERAPY Counseling of the patients and Physicians The counseling about the new drugs, variations in the drug policies, availability of drug etc., should be provided timely to the patient and physician. Patient should be counseled against proper drug usage.

14. Stating adverse drug reaction Adverse drug reactions should be reported to proper monitoring centers like hospital management, regional/ country head office. Drug procurement The section and the range of drug should be based on essential drug concept in accordance with the needs of the situation. Procurement must have cost effective drugs in a right quality and there should be selection of right supplies of right quality products .

15. List preparation Pharmacist as being a drug representative in a public state about the physio -social requirement of the prevailing population and can be contribute to prepare the most cost- effective medication list . Promotion of rational drug utilization Promotions can be done by video clipping, counseling, education, posters, advertisements .

16. STEPS TO IMPROVE RATIONAL DRUG PRESCRIBING Identify the patient’s problem based on symptoms & recognize the need for action . Diagnosis of disease List possible intervention or treatment Start the treatment by writing an accurate & complete prescription Give proper information, instruction & warning regarding the treatment given e.g. side effects(ADR) Monitor the treatment by active and passive monitoring

17. REFERENC E S Madsen U, Krogsgaard -Larsen P, Liljefors T (2002).  Textbook of Drug Design and Discovery . Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis. Reynolds CH, Merz KM, Ringe D, eds. (2010).  Drug Design: Structure- and Ligand-Based Approaches  (1 ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. Essential drugs and Rational Therapeutics Text book of Pharmacology S.D. Seth 1st Ed. 1997, 783-791. http://medind.nic.in/haa/t06/i1/haat07i1p5.pdf