Rational use of medicines (RUM)-230427163513-6b6c8036.pptx

Describe rational and irrational drug use, causes, implications, and solutions.

1. RATIONAL USE OF MEDICINES ALBASHIR TAHIR (MSc. Pharmacology) [email protected] [phone] FEB , 2024

2. Rational Use of Medicines Rational drug use can be defined as the usage of appropriate drug with proven safety & efficacy for the right patient in the appropriate dose and dosage form at proper intervals of time at low cost. WHO: The rational use of drugs requires that patient receive medication appropriate to their clinical needs, in doses that meet their own individual requirements for an adequate period of time and at lowest cost to them and their community.

3. Rational Use of Medicines… The above definition places emphasis on the following Appropriate indication – that is there should be sound medical consideration for prescription Appropriate drug, considering efficacy, safety, suitability for the patient and cost Appropriate administration, dosage and duration Patient adherence to treatment Appropriate patient information about the prescribed drug

4. Irrational Use of Drugs Implies that patients get medications inappropriate to their clinical conditions, doses that doses not meet their requirements or for the desired period. Irrational use of drugs may result from errors in any of the following procedures Diagnosis Prescription Dispensing

5. Diagnosis Inadequate examination of patient Incomplete communication between patient and doctor Lack of documented medical history Inadequate laboratory

6. Prescription Incorrect prescribing Unnecessary drug combination Incorrect dosing – under or overdose Incorrect duration – prolong or short term use Unnecessary use of expensive medicines Multiple prescribing (polypharmacy)

7. Dispensing Incorrect interpretation of the prescription Retrieval of wrong ingredients Inaccurate counting, compounding, or pouring Unsanitary procedures Poor quality packaging material Self medication, easy accessibility of drugs, rampant usage medicines by the prescribers are some of the reasons for the irrational usage of drugs.

8. Hazards of Irrational Drug Use Ineffective and unsafe treatment Exacerbation or prolongation of illness Distress and harm to patient Increase the cost of treatment Increased morbidity and mortality Increased Adverse drug reactions Increased drug Resistance Loss of patient confidence in health system

9. Factors Contributing to Irrational Use of Medicines Lack of skills and knowledge Inappropriate unethical promotion of medicines by pharmaceutical companies Profit from selling medicines Unrestricted availability of medicines Overworked health personnel Unaffordable medicines Lack of coordinated national pharmaceutical policy

10. Promoting RUM WHO advocates 12 key interventions to promote rational use of medicines Establishment of multidisciplinary national body to coordinate policies on medicine use Use of clinical guidelines Development and use of national essential medicines list Establishment of drug and therapeutics committees in districts and hospitals

11. Promoting RUM… Inclusion of problem-based pharmacotherapy training in undergraduate curricula Continuing in-service medical education as a licensure requirement Supervision, audit and feedback Use of independent information on medicines

12. Promoting RUM… Public education about medicines Avoidance of perverse financial incentives Use of appropriate and enforced regulation Sufficient government expenditure to ensure availability of medicines and staffs

13. Obstacles in Rational Drug Use Lack of objective information and of continuing education and training programs. Lack of well organized drug regulatory authority and supply of drugs. Presence of large number of drugs in the market and the lucrative methods of promotion of drugs employed by pharmaceutical industries. The prevalent belief that “every ill has a pill.”

14. THANK YOU