Ravens progressive matrices

Ravens progressive matrices
Non verbal group tests.
 The test is used to judge a person’s capacity to apprehend meaningless figures
presented for his observations, to see the relation between them and to conceal the
nature of figure completing each system of relations presented and by doing so he
develop a systematic method of reasoning.
 As the test progresses the level of difficulty also increases. Hence it is called
progressive matrices.
 It is a culture

1. RAVENS PROGRESSIVE
MATRICES
DR. RITUSHARMA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY
CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF HARYANA

2. RPMdevelopedbyJohnC.Raven(1936)
Nonverbalgrouptests.
Thetestisusedtojudgeaperson’scapacitytoapprehendmeaninglessfigures
presentedforhisobservations,toseetherelationbetweenthemandtoconcealthe
natureoffigurecompletingeachsystemofrelationspresentedandbydoingsohe
developasystematicmethodofreasoning.
Asthetestprogressesthelevelofdifficultyalsoincreases.Henceitiscalled
progressivematrices.
Itisaculturefairtest.
Theauthorclaimthatthescalehasreliabilityvaryingwithrangefrom.83to.93

3. RPMisusedprimarilyineducationalsettingsanditisasuitabletestforestimating
anindividual’sgeneralintelligence.Itcanbeadministeredtogrouporto
individualsanditisusedfrom5-year-oldtoelderlyadults.
ResearchsupportstheRPMasameasureofgeneralintelligenceorSpearman’sg
becauseofRaven’sabilitytomeasuregeneralfluidintelligence.
Itwasusedinabrain-imagingstudythatevaluatehowthedifferenceinabilityto
reasonandsolveproblemstranslateintodifferencesinfiringofneuronsinthe
brain.
AproductofEngland,theRPMwasoriginallydesignedtoassessmilitaryrecruits
independentlyofeducationalfactors.

4. THE TEST MEASURES
The Raven’s is a test of observation skills and clear-thinking ability. It offers insight
into someone’s capacity to observe, solve problems, and learn.
The Raven’s is constructed to measure eductiveability –this is a component of g
(general intelligence) as measured by Spearman’s theory of cognitive ability.
Furthermore, eductiveability refers to an individual’s ability to make sense of
complex data, the ability to perceive new patterns & relationships.

5. TYPESOFRPMTEST
StandardProgressiveMatrices: Theseweretheoriginalformofthematrices,first
publishedin1938.Thebookletcomprisesfivesets(AtoE)of12itemseach,with
itemswithinasetbecomingincreasinglycomplex,requiringevergreatercognitive
capacitytoencodeandanalyseinformation.Allitemsarepresentedinblackinkona
whitebackground
AdvancedProgressiveMatrices: Theadvancedformofthematricescontains48
items,presentedasonesetof12(setI),andanotherof36(setII).Itemsareagain
presentedinblackinkonawhitebackground,andbecomeincreasinglydifficultas
progressismadethrougheachset.Theseitemsareappropriateforadultsand
adolescentsofabove-averageintelligence

6. ColouredProgressiveMatrices: Designedforchildrenaged5through11years-
of-age,theelderly,andmentallyandphysicallyimpairedindividuals.Thistest
containssetsAandBfromthestandardmatrices,withafurthersetof12items
insertedbetweenthetwo,assetAB.Mostitemsarepresentedonacoloured
backgroundtomakethetestvisuallystimulatingforparticipants.However,thevery
lastfewitemsinsetBarepresentedasblack-on-white;inthisway,ifasubject
exceedsthetester'sexpectations,transitiontosetsC,D,andEofthestandard
matricesiseased.

7. RAVEN’S PROGRESSIVE MATRICES HAVE A WIDE VARIETY
OF APPLICATIONS INCLUDING:
In educational settings the Matrices have a long history of application and use.
Scores are relatively unaffected by linguistic and ethnic background and can be used as a good
predictor of success in an educational context for both children and adults.

8. In clinical settings the reliability of the measures
and lack of bias makes them ideal tools in
neuropsychological assessment, working with
elderly people and many clinical groups whose
particular needs make the demands of more
traditional cognitive testing unrealistic.
Suitable in cross-cultural contexts & for use with
individuals who have physical disabilities.
Useful for considering an individual’s reasoning
skills –mistakes can be interesting clinical data.

9. NORMS
There are South African norms for the Raven’s SPM for
working adults (ages 18 to 57 years only).
There are children’s norms for the ColouredProgressive
Matrices (CPM). This is only however, for children between
the ages of 6 to 12 years 8 months.
There are also norms for the Advanced Progressive Matrices
for adults between 21 to 61 years.

10. Administration
PaperandPencil.Thereisalsoacomputerbasedversionof
theRPM.
Individualorgroupadministrationcanbedone.
Untimedbutgenerallytakesbetween40-60minutes.
CanbeadministeredtoindividualswhodonotspeakEnglish
orwhoarehearingimpaired.Inthisinstance,itshouldbe
administeredindividuallyorasmallgroupwithamaximum
of5.
Youneedtoconsultthemanualcarefullybefore
administeringthetest.

13. REFERENCE
Kaplan, R. M., & Saccuzzo, D. P. (2017). Psychological Testing: Principles, Applications, and
Issues (9th ed.). Cengage Learning.
S, F. F. (2021). Theory and Practice of Psychological Testing, 3/E (PB). Oxford & IbhPublishing.

14. THANK YOU