Ravestein’s law of migration & LEE’s Theory of Migration

International Migration
Muhammad Saud Kharal, PhD Social Science
Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya , Indonesia

1. Ravestein’s Law of Migration By: Muhammad Saud Kharal PhD in Social Science, Department of Sociology Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya Indonesia. & LEE’s Theory of Migration

2. About Ernst Georg Ravenstein Ernst Georg Ravenstein   (1834 –1913 ) was a German English geographer cartographer. Ravenstein was born in Frankfurt, Germany to a family of cartographers. Although he spent most of his adult life in England. He died in his birth country – Germany on 13 March 1913 . He established a Theory of Human Migration in the 1880s

3. There is an inverse relationship between the number of migrants and the distance travelled, whereby the further the distance from the source, the less migrants there tend to be, therefore migrants are less likely to travel far. This is known as ‘distance decay ’ Most Migrants move only relatively short distances. 

4. every migration flow generates a return or counter-migration

5. People who do move long distances tend to not be aware of the opportunities that will be presented to them when they arrive, which is why they tend to move to urban centres where it is perceived that there are greater opportunities Long distance migrants head for major centers of economic activity  

6. Migrants do not tend to go straight to their end destinations. Large towns grow by migration rather than natural increase. Migration occurs in stages

7. This is based on the exponential growth in cities, which is due to migration and, to a lesser extent, natural increase.  People in rural areas are more likely to migrate than those in towns or cities.

8. Women are more likely to migrate within their country than men. Men are more likely to emigrate (migrate abroad) than women. Most migrants are adult.  Three general observations about the type of migrants:

9. Most long distance migrants are male, adult individuals… not families or children

10. Infusing Factors Pull Factors Push Factors Origin-Base Destination-Migration

11. Model of International Migration ‘Income Model’ Income and Job opportunities In and out migration Destination Characteristics Provide and help

12. Physical Cost Model Physical Costs Influence Resources Infrastructure Facilities

13. Information Model Alternative localities Prominent role Provide vide information Destination information

14. Individual expectations Model Personal/selection interests Local communities Advantages Disadvantages

15. Community and Kinship Ties Model Encourage Family/ relatives interaction Social ties or associations Aid-Supportive

16. Thanks