Rbc morphology

rbc

1. AVINASH
BVN13007
MORPHOLOGY
OF RED BLOOD
CELL.
Erythrocytes

2. INTRODUCTION:-
Red cell morphology can be defined as the
appearance of the erythrocytes on a Giemsa
stained smear.
Careful examination of the red cells for the
purpose of identifying abnormalities is part
of the differential procedure.
Monday, February 6, 2017

3. Why?
Differentiating normal morphology from
abnormal and artificial morphology.
Provide valuable diagnostic information to
the physician,
Provide a quality control mechanism to
verify red cell indices values as determined
by automated or manual methods.
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4. How:-
Assess RBC morphology by examining the
smear in the feathered (thinner) edge where
the RBC are randomly distributed and, for
the most part, lie singly, with occasional
doublets.
This area is referred to as the "critical area."
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5. How:-
If the area is too thin, the red cells will
appear flat and somewhat square
(cobblestone effect) with no central pallor.
If the area examined is too thick, the cells will
be too close together to evaluate the
morphology of individual cells.
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6. How
To begin the red cell morphology
examination, use the low power (10X)
objective to locate the "critical area."
The oil immersion objective (100X) is used
for the actual evaluation.

7. FUNCTIONAL MORPHOLOGY.
Like other cells
bounded by cell
membrane but Non-
Nucleated.
Cytoplasm contains
pigmented protein –
Haemoglobin
It is Chromoprotein –
colour giving protein.
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8. NORMAL SIZE
Diameter – 4.1-7.5 μm
Thickness – 2 μm at
periphery & 1 μm at
center
Surface area – 57-140
μm
2
Lowest in Goat
Highest in Man
Volume - 80 μm
3
(78-86)
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9. Diameter of RBC in various species:-
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Species Size (μm)
GOAT 4.1
SHEEP 5.0
CATTLE & HORSE 5.6
PIG 6.2
CAT 6.5
DOG 7.3
MAN 7.5

10. NORMAL SHAPE
Circular, biconcave disc.
Advantages of biconcave shape –
Flexible , capillaries minimum
diameter – 3.5 μm.
Greater surface area
Can withstand changes of osmotic
pressure
Allow easy exchange of O2 & CO2 &
rapid diffusion of other substances.
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11. SHAPE OF RBC ACCORDING TO
DIFFERENT SPECIES :-
DOG :- Cells are large (7.3microns),uniform
in size and have central pallor (biconcave
disc).
COW:- Average diameter is 5.6-6 microns .
Red cells may appear flat disc with little or
no central depression (no central pallor).
SHEEP:- Average diameter 5.0 microns ,flat
disc ,with little central depression
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12. Monday, February 6, 2017

13. Cont…
CAT:- Cells average 6.5 microns in diameter
,Shallow concaving ,only very slight central
pallor , slight anisocyte (variation in size of
RBC) . Up to 1 % of the cells may contain
Howell-jolly bodies(nuclear remnants ) .
HORSE:- Erythrocyte have rouleaux formation,
Shallow concaving ,Average diameter 5.6
microns ,uniform in size no central pallor .
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14. CAT HORSE
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15. Cont…
GOAT:-  Erythrocyte are the smallest 4 
microns and most variables in shape ,very 
shallow or flate surfaced RBC.
CAMEL :- Erythrocytes normal elliptical in 
shape and lake of cental depression .
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16. CAMEL
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17. Cont…
DEER:- Sickle shaped.
POULTRY ( COLD BLOODED ANIMALS):-
Amphibians and birds have mature 
erythrocyte is elliptical cell with an elliptical 
central nucleus .
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18.           DEER                     BIRDS
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19. Erythrocyte
Indices
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20. RED CELL INDICES
Mean corpuscular
volume
Mean corpuscular
Haemoglobin
Mean corpuscular
haemoglobin
concentration.
Colour index.
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21. MEAN CORPUSCULAR VOLUME
Average volume of single red 
blood cell.
MCV = PCV x 10
                 --------------
RBC count/mm3
= 45X10/5 = 90 μm3
Normal value 78-94 μm3
Decreased in Microcytosis
Increased in Macrocytosis
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22. MEAN CORPUSCULAR
HAEMOGLOBIN
Average weight of haemoglobin in each RBC
MCH = Hb gm% X 10
-----------------
RBC count/mm3
= 15X10/5X10
12
= 30 pg
normal range – 27-33 pg
Increases – Spherocytosis & megaloblastic anaemia
Decreases - anaemia
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23. MEAN CORPUSCULAR
HAEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATION.
Amount of Hb expressed as percentage of the volume
of RBC.
MCHC = Hb gm%
------------------- X 100
PCV/100ml
= 15/45 X 100 = 33.3%
Normal value – 30-33%
Decreases – Iron deficiency anaemia
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24. COLOUR INDEX.
Ratio of Haemoglobin to RBC
CI = % of normal Hb
---------------------
% of normal RBC count
= 100/100 = 1
Normal range= 0.85-1.15
Insignificant
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25. REFRENCES:-
VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
4
TH
EDITION
EMBERT H. COLES
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26. Thank
You