Rearing of bracon hebetor

college of Agriculture, University of sargodha

1. Rearing of Braconid Wasp Presented by: 1. M Bilal Tayyab 2. Maryam Riaz 3. Sidra Naz 4. Sadia Wahid 5. Zubair Shehzad

2. Outline Introduction to Braconids Introduction to Bracon hebetor Rearing Techniques of Braconids Mass Rearing of Bracon hebetor on wax moth Mass Rearing of Bracon hebetor on Meal Moth Conclusion

3. Introduction to Braconids The   Braconidae   is one of the famous family among the families of  parasitoid wasp. After the  Ichneumonidae , braconidae is the second largest family in the order Hymenoptera. Approximately 17,000 recognized species and many thousands more are undescribed .

4. Classification Braconidae divide at present into about 47 subfamilies and over 1000 genra.Which includes Aphidius , Apenteles , Bracon , Cotesia , and Opius Hosts Thousands species of insects are used as hosts by braconid wasps. Few examples are given below : Asian Corn Borer African Sugarcane Borer Tomato Hornworm

5. Bracon Hebetor Bracon hebetor is a minute Braconidae wasp. It is an internal parasite to The caterpillar stages of Plodia interpunctella (Indian Meal Moth) In the larval stage of Mediterranean flour moth The almond moth and many others

6. Life Cycle & Biology At 30 ºC, The Life cycle of the wasp is about 10-13 days from initial parasitism to final emergence of the adult. The adult female parasite lives about 23 days and lays about 100 eggs. It deposits 1-8 eggs in moth larvae.

7. Freshly laid eggs are creamy white and translucent later. Eggs are spindle shape, slightly curved and loosely attached to the surface of the host body 0.6mm long. Hatch in 1-2 days. Life Cycle & Biology

8. The mature larvae are creamy white in colour . Lives inside the host body. The length of larvae is 0.4mm. The larval duration is 2-4 days. Life Cycle & Biology

9. Pupation takes place outside the host body with in a white coloured cocoon. The mature pupae are dark brown The length of pupal cocoon is 3.3-4.1mm The pupal duration is 4-6 days. Life Cycle & Biology

10. Adult: The color variation is yellowish is brown to dark brown or black. The body length of female is larger than male. The length of adult male is 2-3mm and female is about 3-4mm. Male has large antennae. Life Cycle & Biology Male Female

11. Hosts Lepidopteran species Indian Meal Moth Mediterranean flour moth Almond moth Rice moth Wax moth Angoumois grain moth Corn earworm Tobacco budworm

12. Indian Meal Moth Mediterranean flour moth Rice Moth Angoumois grain moth Wax Moth Almond Moth (Larva) Hosts

13. Mode of Action Bracon hebetor larva releases an enzyme in gut of caterpillar. It destroys the blood protiens and body fluid of that larve .

14. Economic Importance It is the biological control of a large number of moth larvae of stored grain and crop insect pests.

15. rearing on wax moth Habrobracon hebetor is an ecto parsitoid that attacks many species, greatly wax moth larvae. One of the best studied parasitic wasp in storage areas. Paralyzing the free living larvae by sting, after that immediately stop eating. In this way parasitic wasp secure many larvae and then starts egg laying.

16. Galleria mellonella (wax moth) is an important pest of the honey bee. Larval stage of wax moth feed on honey, pollen and wax produced by honey bees. Wax moth is used in entomological studies because of its nutritional needs, ecological adaptation and developmental characteristics. Use as a host for rearing many hymenoptera species.

17. Method of rearing Maas rearing of Bracon hebetor undertakes in laboratory. Last instar (5 th -6 th instars) larvae of wax moth are released into the plastic 1000ml jars at 200 larvae/jar. A paper sheet is placed in the jar for pupation. Full fed larvae took position onto the corrugated paper sheet. About 50 B hebetor (35 female ,15 male) released in plastic jar Honey solution on cotton bolls is provided as food.

18. The opening of the jar closed with black cloth. The wax moth larvae and B. hebetor are kept on for 8-10 days. For paralyzing, parasitizing, ovipositing and subsequently pupation followed by adult. Female bracon lay its eggs on the outside of larval body. Young wasp larvae feed on the moth larva of which only the dried up shell remains. Afterwards, the wasp larvae form mini silk cocoons from which a new generation of beneficial insects hatches. 25-30 C temperature is required for rearing purpose.

19. . . Rearing o f Bracon hebetor on Indian Meal Moth ( P lodia interpunctella )

20. INTRODUCTION (Indian Meal M oth) Indian meal moth IMM is a very destructive pest of many stored grain products. T.N : Plodia interpunctella ( Pyrallidae ; Lepidoptera) Alternate names are: ( W eevile moth, Flour moth and P antry moth) www.google.com Plodia interpunctella

21. Intro… Bracon hebetor is reared on Indian Meal Moth ( Plodia interpunctella ) in labouratory . Considered as bio-control agent of P. interpunctella . Generally IMM is parasitized by female Bracon hebetor , moth larvae are used as food for developing Bracon hebetor www.google.com

22. ORIGIN AND REQUIRMENTS OF PARASITOID Bracon hebetor is collected from the stored grain produ cts associated with Indian Meal Moth. Parasitoids: mass reared on last instar of IMM. Physical Requirements Temperature =29 o C Relative Humidity = 60-70% Photo-period= 14:10 (L:D)

23. HOST REQUIREMENTS Reared on standardize diet of Corn meal Chick laying mash Chick starter mash Glycerol Ratio 4:2:2:1 T emperature= 28 + 1 Relative Humidity= 60-70% Photoperiod = 16:8 (L:D)

24. REARING PROCESS Bracon hebetor Kept in plastic yogurt cubs that are fitted into Glass jar. Metal screen are used for B etter aeration Safe & easy handling Aeration is also necessary for controlling the grain temperature.

25. MECHANISM OF PARASITIZING THE HOST Sting the host Paralyze the host Oviposition on/near the body of host White cylinder shaped eggs, singly in variable numbers . F ourish on host body( last-instar larvae) Color changed from greenish/pinkish to brown Kill the host

26. MECHANISM www.google.com 1 2 3 4 5 sting Egg laid paralyze Color c hange killed

27. AUGMENTATIVE RELEASE Stick eggs on cardboard and sticky bands. Kept these sticky bands in stored grain bins After emergence, they paralyze and kill the host. Female significantly parasitize the host ( P lodia interpunctella ). Greater the no. of host greater will be the rate of parasitoids and parasitism.