Recent advences in production and processing of arecanut

ciltivation and processing aspect of arecanut

1. Recent advences in production and processing of A recanut Course title :-PLANTATIONCROP Course code :-FSC-503 Credit hours :-3(2+1) -:SUBMITTED TO:- Dr K.C Mohapatra (dept. of plantation crop) -:submitted by:- Mr Manas Kumar Patel Admn . No:-01Fsc/2014 Dept. of fruit science and horticultural technology

2. introduction Areca nut cultivated primarily for its kernel obtained from the fruit, Which is chewed for its tender, ripe, and processed form and it is called as supari or beetle nut. Areca nut stand as a backyard crop Arecotine (0.1%) found in areca nut as stimulating agent. B.N.:- Areca catechu Family:-arecaceae 2n:-32 O.P:-Indonesia

3. Areca nut plant Bunch ready for harvest Harvested bunch Single fruit of arecanut Areca nut Beetle leaves and arecanut Disposal areca leaf plates

4. B otany Monoecious palm (male and female flower in same plant) Inflorescence :- spadix (it produce from leaf axil and completely enclosed in a sealed boat shaped spathe) Male and female flowers are sessile with 2 whorl of perianth . Fruit :- monolocular , berry with single seeded which is covered by fibrous outer husk Cross pollinated plant. Pollinator :-Honey bees and air.

5. Statitistic of arecanut India is largest producer and consumer of arecanut . Area:-57% and world production of 53%. Nearly 90% of arecanut production come from karnataka (38%), assam and kerala . Small extent:- t.n , Meghalaya,w.b , m.h . Maximum productivity state:- maharastra (3,947kg/ha). Export country:-Nepal, u.k , Singapore,Maldives , and soudiarab .

6. Climate and soil Areca nut is a tropical crop. Mostly confined to 28º north and south  . Altitude: -1000m MSL RF:- range of 1000mm-5000mm Temp :- 14ºC and 36ºC and is adversely affected by temperatures below 10ºC and above 40ºC. Soil: - lateritic,red loam,alluvial soil is good Soil should be deep and well drained(soil depth should fall below 1m.) Slightly acidic soil to nutral soil.

7. Variety of arecanut s.r. no cultivor EVOLVED FROM YIELD OF NUT (RIPE NUTS/PALM/YEAR) 1 Mangla (VTL-3) CHINA 10 KG 2 Sumangla (VTL-11) INDONESIA 17.25KG 3 Sree mangla (VTL-17) SINGAPORE 15.63KG 4 Mahitnagar INDEGENOUS 3.7KG 5 Calicut 17 RECOMMEND FOR ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR 4.34KG 6 SAS 17 SIRSI,KERNATAKA RECOMMENDED FOR KARNATAKA 4.60KG

8. Nursery Commercial propagation by seed-nut(35G). Procedure of propagation Selection of mother palms (plant should be high yeilding , early, more fruit set, shorter internode, more leaf producing and 4 bunch per year) collected fully ripe nuts (malformed nuts are rejected, fully ripe, heavier nuts, higher germination %, vigorous seedlings) Note :-nuts float vertically with calyx end point up words when allowed to float on water is select. Seed sown in vertical position

9. Germinate of seed within 45 days to 3 months (seed plant with stalk end up by spacing of 5x5cm ) Seedling of 2-3 leaf stage trnsfer to secondary nursery for 6 month (transplant 90 days seedlings having 2-3 leaves in to secondary nursery with spacing of 30x30 cm.) 12-18 months seedling of >5 leaf are transfer to main field ( Seedlings with minimum height and maximum girth are to be selected for planting .) Plant are planted at spacing of 2.7x2.7 m with north to south direction. (fig of nursery technique of areca nut)

10. planting Pit size :-(90cm)3 Spacing :-1.25x1.25m or 3.6x3.6m Planting system :-square system of planting. multi-tier cropping system. Planting time :-May-Jun Note :- well-drained soils, planting at a depth of 90 cm is recommended and in heavy soils planting at a depth of 60 cm is recommended. Planting of areca nut Multi tier cropping Square system planting

11. Intercultural operation Drainage: - heavy soils- channels should be at least 15 – 30 cm deeper than the depth at which the seedlings are planted . Shading :- The palms are highly susceptible for sun scorching so raising crops like banana in between two rows of arecanut .  Manuring :-100:40:140(N:P:K) and green leaf manure and compost:-12 kg/plant Irrigation :-4-7 days interval@175 ltrs /palm in hot and dry weather. Sprinkler and drip irrigations can save 20 and 44 per cent respectively of water Fertigation :-studies at CPCRI have shown-  initial stages of areca garden only 75% of the recommended dose of fertilizer is sufficient fertilizer should be split into ten parts and should be applied once in 20 days from November to May. Cover crop :-mimosa invisa.stylosanthus gracilis in april - may. Mixed crop :-areca nut with cocoa(1:1 ratio with 2.7m x2.7m spacing) mixed crop viz., pepper, cocoa, banana, lime and betelvine . 

12. Harvesting and yield According to type of product as consumer requirement in market nut is harvested. Harvesting period :-June – July (tender nut) and nov – march (ripe nut). 45-50 days interval picking of nut for 3 picking Harvesting by:- climbing, long bamboo pole, sharp sickle or hook. climbing Mechanical harvesting Bamboo pole

13. yield 10 th year plant:->10 kg ripe nut/tree. FIRST SECOND THIRD FOURTH SIXTH SEVENTH EIGHTH

14. pReservation of areca nut Fully ripe nut can store-1 year ( kerLA and assam ) Bura tamul (in assam followed) Fresh fruit will laced in thick layer of mud. Neettadakka (in Kerla followed) Fresh fruit kept in water bacteria attack to inner core discolouration of husk and foul smell occur. (Note :-removing of foul smell—0.1% sod. Benzoate+0.2% kmno4+sulphuric acid up to ph 3.5-4,steeing of ripe nut after heat blanch will help for removing foul smell.)

15. Processing of areca nut (dry nut) Kottapak / chali :- Ripe fruits d ry for 35-40 days Marketed when 12% moisture obtained Found in:- kerla,kn,assam,maharastra . Pareha : - Fruit cut longitudinally 2 equal halves Sun dry for 10 days scoop out kernel drying of nut Found in :- kerla and kernataka . mechanically :-7-8 days at temp of 45-75degree. Kottapak / chali

16. Kalipak (tender nut) Kalipak:- Tender nut dehusked cut in to pieces boiled with water Coated with kali 3-4 times for glossy appearance Dried it

17. Scented supari (made from both chali and kalipak) Scented supari:- Dry nut Broke in to bit Blend with spice, essential oil and flavouring agent Packed in butter paper Sweetening agent:-saccharine Flavouring agent:-rose essence and methanol

18. s.R no constituent Uses of by product 1 Tanin (30-37% in tender,16-22% in ripe) Adhesive in plywood. food colour, dying purposein cloth and leather, ink preparation. 2 Fat (8-12%) Confectionary product with cocoa.substitute for vanaspati . 3 Alkaloid(1.5%) Anti-bacterial, aricotene reduces blood cholesterol 4 Areca husk Hard board, brown wrapping paper etc 5 Stem and leaf sheath Basket, ruler, tray, cups, different plates etc Uses of arecanut byproduct

19. Insect,pest and disease S.R No Name of pest Causal pest symptom managemnet 1 mites Oligonychus indicus Dicofol @ 0.05% 2 Spindle bug Calvalhoia arecae Phorate @ 2gm

20. Disease S.R Disease name Causal organism symptom control 1 Mahali / koleroga Phytophthora arecae 1% B.M 45 days interval 2 Bud rot Phythopthora palmivora 1% B.M drainch in soil 3 ganoderma Ganoderma luciderm Captan 0.3% drainch in soil 4 Yellow leaf mycoplasma Remove the affected plant and burn it

21. Future thrust Resistant germplasm against Yellow leaf disease Urgent need for enrichment germplasm regeneration through tissue culture for multiplication of elite types. Climbing tree is a problem so think about dwarf plant. Declination of masticatory habit of people so finding should require for its alternate use like colouring agent, ingredient of toothpaste, chewing gum etc .