Recent Developments around the world 2008-2021.pptx

Recent developments around the world in the field of business

1. Week 13: Recent Developments, 2008-2021 MENA/HIST/POL 484-584 History of the Arab-Israeli Conflict Dr. Maha Nassar

2. Recent Developments on the Ground in Israel/Palestine: 2008-2021 Jerusalem West Bank Gaza Strip Israel Think about: Who experiences “conflict”? When? How? When is ”conflict” reported on?

3. Jerusalem Political status: 1980: Israel declared annexation (UN deems illegal) Integration & segregation b/w East & West Jerusalem Future status? Israel’s “70/30” goal Fate of Palestinians & Israeli settlers in East Jerusalem Access to & control over holy sites Map source: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-38458884

4. Sheikh Jarrah Above : Activists protest expulsions of Palestinians from their homes in Sheikh Jarrah, 19 March 2021 [Ahmad Gharabli /AFP/ Getty Images] Below : Israeli settlers in Sheikh Jarrah react as Palestinian and Israeli activists chant slogans in front of their house during a demonstration against the expulsion of Palestinian families from their homes [Emmanuel Dunand /AFP]

5. West Bank Economic programs Paris Protocol terms continues NGOs, the “Ramallah bubble” and growing class divide Does int’l aid prolong the occupation? Security cooperation Does PA security cooperation with Israel prevent terrorism or prolong the occupation? Ongoing structural violence: Checkpoints & house raids Settlements & settler violence Access to roads, land & water Separation barrier & checkpoints

6. Interactive map at: https://conquer-and-divide.btselem.org/

7. Checkpoints Above: Thousands of Palestinian workers gather before dawn at the Eyal checkpoint near the northern West Bank town of Qalqiliya They wait for hours to be allowed through a single gateway to get to work Source: https://electronicintifada.net/content/photos-palestinian-workers-everyday-nightmare-israeli-checkpoints/12597

8. Source: http://www.economist.com/node/16264970 Gaza Blockade Restrictions on trade and travel since 2006 High unemployment rates Reliance on international aid

9. Source: https://www.unrwa.org/what_the_Gaza_blockade_means (as of 2015)

10. Gaza: The Wars Major conflicts: 2008-9, 2012, 2014 Israel’s goals: Stop rockets & mortar attacks Turn Palestinians against Hamas Make Hamas accept “three conditions”: 1) Recognize Israel; 2) Abide by previous deals; 3) End violence Resistance’s goals: Lift the land/air/sea blockade Enforce ceasefire terms Establish deterrence for a 10-year truce Gain leverage in future talks Prisoner release

11. http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/7/16/gaza-ceasefire-accountability.html http://www.idfblog.com/facts-figures/rocket-attacks-toward-israel/

12. Gaza’s Marches of Return (2018-19) 60% of Gaza’s residents are 1948 refugees and their descendants Weekly marches and protests held to: Call for an end to the blockade Call for the return of Palestinian refugees Protesters who approached blockaded area were met with live ammunition International condemnation of Israel for excessive use of force Above : Palestinian women march in Gaza, 2018 (MEE/Mohammed Asad ) Below left: Casualties according to UN OCHA oPt Below right : Two Palestinian amputee men sit in the waiting room at the ICRC for Artificial Limbs and Polio Center (ALPC) in Gaza City on October 25, 2018. (Photo by THOMAS COEX / AFP via Getty Images)

13. Israel Security anxieties Wars with Hizballah, Gaza Fear over Iran’s nuclear program Economic anxieties Tent cities in 2011, 2015, 2018 Ongoing economic anxieties Split between ultra-Orthodox & secular Jews over: Enlistment in the IDF State subsidies Who controls Israeli Jewish life Result: Rightward shift in Jewish Israeli society Especially among young people Source: JTA, “ The Kids are all Right-wing” Tents on Rothschild Boulevard, Tel Aviv, March 2, 2015 (Melanie Lidman / Times of Israel )

14. Israel’s Political Landscape (2015) https://profslw.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/2015-israel-political-map2.png

15. Palestinian Citizens of Israel Mixed relationship with the state Many identify as “Arab Israelis” Growing demand for Israel to recognize them as Palestinians Israeli approach split between: Economic & social integration Ongoing discrimination Segregation & under-investment Poor schools, high crime, etc. 2018 Nation-State Basic Law “Right to national self-determination in the State of Israel is unique to the Jewish people.” Arabic downgraded from “official” to “special” language Palestinian citizens of Israel wave Palestinian flags as they take part in the annual "March of Return" near the northern city of Umm al- Fahm , on May 9, 2019. (Ahmad Gharabli /AFP)

16. Shifts in US Discourse 2008-2021 Historical background Recent partisan realignments

17. Historical Background (1) Widespread vision of Israel as a pioneer “making the desert bloom” Summers on kibbutzim US mainstream media Narratives reinforced Israeli framings Very few Palestinian voices appeared Result: overall American identification with Israel Bipartisan support for aid to Israel https://www.972mag.com/us-media-palestinians/ Above: JNF collection box

18. http://wp.production.patheos.com/blogs/thegraffitiwall/files/2015/03/USA-NETANYAHU.jpg 2020 Congressional Research Service report on US Aid to Israel - here

19. https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/what-happens-if-trump-cuts-unrwa-funding

20. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/11/11/chart-the-two-countries-that-eat-up-most-u-s-military-aid/

21. Historical Background (2) 1960s – Leftist opposition to US imperialism and racism 1970s - Black Power solidarity Part of larger internationalist outlook Split in white US Leftist circles 1980s – anti-Apartheid & pro-Palestinian activism 1990s – drop in activism 2000s – renewed grassroots organizing Activists tended to develop a more global worldview Yasser Arafat with Angela Davis at the World Festival of Youth and Students, East Berlin, 1973. Courtesy of: Paul Chamberlin , The Global Offensive

22. Partisan Realignments Shift away from “liberal Zionist” consensus Republicans – parallels with Likud triumphalism Support from Evangelical Christians and Orthodox Jews Growing white nationalist support Democrats – split between progressive base and establishment leaders Demographic shifts More grassroots organizing around intersectionality   Above : Republican Jewish Coalition 2019 Leadership Meeting, Las Vegas (Reuters/Kevin Lamarque ) Below : Palestinian dabka at Sanders rally, Dearborn, March 2020 (AFP)