Reconstruction (1865-1877)

Briefly summarizes the Reconstruction era (1865-1877)

1. The Reconstruction of the South
Re-building of the South after the Civil War
Process of re-admitting Confederate states back into the
United States
1865-1877
What do you think needed to be done?

2. Charleston, SC in 1865

3. Atlanta, GA in 1865

4. Richmond, VA in 1865

5. Lincoln’s Plan
Reunite all of the states and rebuild
country

6. Lincoln’s PlanLincoln’s Plan
Pardon all
Southerners who
swear allegiance to
the Union, except
Confederate leaders
and those accused
of crimes against
prisoners of war

7. Lincoln’s PlanLincoln’s Plan
Once 10% of
voting population
did so, the States
could form new
governments and
send
representatives to
Congress

8. Radical Republicans
Hate Lincoln’s plan
Want to punish the south
They become furious when former
Confederate leaders are elected to
Congress
Outraged at passing of Black Codes

9. Black Codes
Blacks can only be farmers or servants
Must carry special pass to travel
Can not vote
Can not serve on jury

10. Jim Crow Laws
To Prevent Blacks from voting
Required to pay Poll Tax
Pass reading test
Grandfather Clause- if your
grand-daddy voted in 1867
you don’t need to pay or pass
test
Started Segregation-
separating people in public
based on race

11. Radical Republicans’ Radical Republicans’
PlanPlan
Leader Thaddeus Stevens
Believed the States did secede
Wanted to punish the Southern States
for the rebellion

12. Radical Republicans’ Radical Republicans’
PlanPlan
Congress had the constitutional
power to readmit the States not the
President
Wanted all African Americans to be
given full citizenship and voting
rights

13. Freedmen Bureau
Gave clothes, food, medical care to poor blacks and
whites
Open over 4,000 schools
Many hospitals
Several universities
Despite effort many blacks still poor and jobless

14. Lincoln AssassinatedLincoln Assassinated
April 14, 1865
Lincoln is shot by
John Wilkes Booth
at Ford’s Theater

15. Lincoln AssassinatedLincoln Assassinated
Lincoln dies next
day
Andrew Johnson
assumes
presidency

16. Andrew Johnson’s Plan
Same as Lincoln’s Plan
PLUS each former
Confederate State had to
ratify 13th Amendment

17. Radicals Respond
Pass Civil Rights Act 1866
Said Blacks have equal rights under the
law and are citizens
Passed 14
th
Amendment
1. Said anyone born here is an American
2. States can not pass laws to take away rights
3. States had to give
people Due Process

18. 1867 Reconstruction Act
1. Any Government under Lincoln’s or
Johnston plan will not be recognized
2. Confederate leaders can not vote or hold
office
3. All White and Black men can vote and be
elected
4. Southern states must write new constitution
that guarantees Blacks right to vote
5. Southern States must ratify 14
th

Amendment

19. Southern PunishmentSouthern Punishment
Military Reconstruction Act of 1867
Divided south into 5 military
controlled districts

20. 5 Southern Military Districts

21. President Johnson
Tries to veto Reconstruction Act
Congress overrides vetoed with majority
vote
Radicals Use High Crimes and Treason
Try to Impeach Johnston
Fail to impeach by just 1 vote

22. ImpeachmentImpeachment
Congress passes the
Tenure of Office Act to
control Johnson.
He defies it and is
impeached.
He falls one vote short
of being removed from
office.

23. Gen. Grant As President
Grant wins election thanks to the Black
vote
Grant is poor President
Plague by many scandals
15
th
Amendment passed
Can not deny a citizen the right to vote based
on race

24. South During Reconstruction
Three main groups Carpetbaggers, Scalawags, and
Blacks
Carpetbaggers abuse power to become rich
Scalawags white republicans, small farmers, who
wanted the power old plantation owners had
Blacks smallest group in government

25. Sharecroppers
Rented farmland from owner
Paid by giving over share of crops
Had to pay for tools, seeds, and farm animals
Very little was left over for family

Started cycle of poverty

26. Ku Klux Klan
Domestic terror group
Founded by southern whites
To suppress Blacks and keep them
from using their new rights
Responsible for beating and killing
many blacks and white sympathizers

27. Election of 1876

28. Compromise of 1877
Votes of 4 states disputed, all
given to Hayes
Hayes (Republican) becomes
President
Remove federal troops from
the south, ends
Reconstruction
Use federal money to rebuild
southern railroads

29. Reconstruction (1865-1877)
End Results????
Good???
Bad???
What still needed to be done in the South?