Reconstructive &plastic surgery

introduction to reconstructive and plastic surgery

1. RECONSTRUCTIVE & PLASTIC SURGERY Mrs. REVATHY.A

2. INTRODUCTION Plastic and reconstructive surgery is a branch of surgery that specializes in restoring form and function to damaged or missing tissues and skin. The name is taken from the Greek word “ plastikos ”, which means to form or to mold !

3. Recent advances in the development of miniaturized instruments, new materials for artificial limbs and body parts, and improved surgical techniques have expanded the range of plastic surgery procedures that can be performed.

4. Plastic Surgery Reconstructive Surgery Cosm e tic Surgery Performed on normal structures of the body to improve appearance Performed on abnormal structures of the body to improve function or approximate normal appearance. 3

5. Reconstructive Surgery Reconstructive Surgery Deals with tumor removal, laceration repair, scar repair, hand surgery, and cleft lip and palate surgery. Following management of the burn wounds, rehabilitation also involves reconstructive surgery aiming to restore function, then to restore esthetic appearances.

6. Burn Reconstructive Surgery

7. BURNS- OVERVIEW 1 ST DEGREE BURNS 2 ND DEGREE BURNS

8. 3 RD DEGREE BURNS

9. CONTRACTURE AFTER BURN

10. AIMS OF RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY To achieve would closure To prevent infection To re-establish the function and properties of an intact skin To reduce the effect of burn scars causing joint contractures T o reduce the extent of a cosmetically unacceptable scar

11. TIMING FOR SURGERY The timing of surgery for the reconstruction of burns can be classified into three categories: Urgent (immediate) Essential (early) Desirable (late).

12. URGENT/ IMMEDIATE Urgent procedures must be performed immediately, i.e. before the patient leaves the hospital after the acute management of the burn. This category is restricted to procedures that are important for correction of a deformity or to provide coverage of exposed or severely damaged vital structures so as to preserve function in vital areas and prevent further impairment.

13. ESSENTIAL/ EARLY These procedures help with non-vital functions and rehabilitation. Some mature burn scar contractures are non-responsive to physical therapy and splinting, often as a result of hypertrophic scarring. This can prevent a patient from performing their everyday activities. Essential procedures may, if performed early, improve the patient’s final appearance and rehabilitation.

14. DESIRABLE/LATE These procedures are generally aesthetic in nature, often resulting from scar contractures, tightness, pain and discomfort. Late procedures are performed after burn scar maturation, often up to 1 year or longer after injury, and the aim is to address the aesthetic and functional aspects of the burn injury.

15.  BURN RECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES A variety of procedures and techniques developed over the years have been modified for the treatment of burns. These methods are used in reconstruction to provide wound coverage and restore function and aesthetics. Often, the process of reconstruction will require a multidisciplinary team approach with multiple surgical procedures and phases in the management and rehabilitation of patients

16. Factors influencing the reconstruction process These include: 1. Patient’s needs 2. Severity and extent of scarring 3. Stage of scar maturation 4. Disability 5. Patient’s compliance 6. Available donor sites.