RED LEG PPT DERMATOLOGY PRESENTATION.pptx

The PowerPoint presentation titled "Red Leg: Clinical Presentation and Differential Diagnosis in Dermatology" focuses on providing a detailed exploration of several dermatological conditions that can present as red leg. The presentation is structured to cover the following key topics:

Introduction to Red Leg:

Definition and significance of red leg in dermatological practice.
Overview of the differential diagnosis approach in distinguishing various conditions presenting with similar manifestations.
Cellulitis:

Definition, epidemiology, and etiology of cellulitis.
Clinical features including erythema, warmth, swelling, and tenderness.
Diagnostic criteria and challenges in differentiating cellulitis from other skin conditions.
Erysipelas:

Characteristics specific to erysipelas, including its typical presentation with well-demarcated borders and raised margins.
Pathophysiology involving Streptococcus bacteria and the associated risk factors.
Stasis Dermatitis:

Pathogenesis related to venous insufficiency and chronic edema.
Clinical features such as hyperpigmentation, edema, and sometimes ulceration.
Differential diagnosis considerations to distinguish from infectious causes like cellulitis and erysipelas.
Contact Dermatitis:

Allergic vs. irritant contact dermatitis: causes, clinical features, and diagnostic clues.
Importance of history-taking in identifying triggering agents.
Differentiation from cellulitis based on distribution and lack of systemic symptoms.
Asteatotic Dermatitis:

Characteristics of xerosis cutis and asteatotic eczema.
Clinical presentation with dry, cracked skin and scaling.
Differential diagnosis considerations with emphasis on distinguishing features from infectious causes like cellulitis.
Clinical Evaluation and Diagnosis:

Detailed approach to clinical assessment including history, physical examination findings, and laboratory tests.
Use of imaging studies and microbiological cultures in confirming diagnoses.
Treatment Strategies:

Management protocols tailored for each condition discussed (cellulitis, erysipelas, stasis dermatitis, contact dermatitis, asteatotic dermatitis).
Pharmacological treatments, supportive care, and patient education on prevention and recurrence.
Case Studies and Examples:

Presentation of typical cases to illustrate diagnostic challenges and effective management strategies.
Discussion on outcomes and lessons learned from clinical experiences.
Summary and Future Directions:

Recapitulation of key points from differential diagnoses and management strategies.
Potential areas for future research and advancements in dermatological care for red leg conditions.
The presentation will utilize visual aids such as clinical photographs, diagnostic algorithms, and tables summarizing key differentiating features. It aims to provide healthcare professionals with a comprehensive understanding of red leg conditions in dermatology, enhancing their ability to diagnose accurately and manage effectively in clinical.

1. CASE REPORT RED LEG

2. CASE A 62-year old patient presented to dermatology clinic with chief complaint of dry, Itchy skin on both lower legs for past one month. S he described the symptoms as worsening during the winter months and exacerbated by hot showers . She denied any recent changes in skincare products, exposure to new allergens. PAST MEDICAL HISTORY Hypertension controlled with medications . MEDICATION Telmisartan and amlodipine. FAMILY HISTORY None ALLERGY None SOCIAL HISTORY Lives in an urban setting No smoking No alcohol.

3. CLINICAL EXAMINATION Inspection of the lower legs revealed diffuse dryness, scaling, and fissuring. The skin appeared erythematous with a fine, polygonal pattern. No signs of infection, such as pustules or weeping lesions. No lymphadenopathy or systemic symptoms.

4. RED LEG? "Red leg" is a descriptive term used to refer to a clinical presentation characterized by erythema, warmth, and inflammation of the leg. It is a symptom rather than a specific diagnosis, and the underlying cause of a red leg can vary widely. CELLULITIS ERYSIPELAS STASIS DERMATITIS CONTACT DERMATITIS ASTEATOTIC DERMATITIS

5. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS CELLULITIS ERYSIPELAS STASIS DERMATITIS CONTACT DERMATITIS ASTEATOTIC DERMATITIS

6. CELLULITIS Bacterial infection of the skin, usually affecting a limb but can occur anywhere on the body. Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus are the most common causative pathogens. Symptoms are usually localized to the affected area but patients can become generally unwell with fevers, chills. ERYSIPELAS Erysipelas is a superficial form of cellulitis. Mainly caused by streptococcus group A. It is distinguished from cellulitis by having a well defined raised border. Fevers and chills are present.

7. The patient doesn’t has any symptoms of a bacterial infection like fever, chills or shake and patient is not unwell.

8. STASIS DERMATITIS Inflammation of the skin especially the lower legs due to chronic venous insufficiency. Itching, scaling, hyperpigmentation and sometimes ulceration can be found. CONTACT DERMATITIS I nflammatory skin condition caused by exposure to irritants (ICD) or allergens (ACD). Main symptom is pruritis. Develop after exposure to offending substance. Erythematous rash, itching, and sometimes blistering present.

9. Even though signs of scaling, itching is present patient has no symptom of chronic venous insufficiency. History revealed no past allergies or any new exposure to substance.

10. ASTEATOTIC DERMATITIS Also called Xerotic Eczema. Common pruritic dermatitis caused by the loss of the epidermal water barrier. More common in the elderly. Worsened by frequent hot showers, in the winter. Aff ects lower legs, flanks, arms. P ruritic, cracking of the skin looking like the bed of a dry lake. Diagnostic Pearl- Pruritus is relieved by prolonged submersion in bath (20-30 minutes). Pruritus then resumes 5-30 minutes after getting out of the wate r.

11. TREATMENT Goal of treatment is hydration. M oisturize with emollient ointments. A void hot showers and to use mild, fragrance-free soaps. Medium potency topical steroid ointment to the areas of erythema and pruritus.