Refeeding Syndrome.pptx

Refeeding syndrome

1. Refeeding Syndrome Presented by: Komal Shahid Student of BS Nutrition Sem VIII

2. Refeeding Syndrome Refeeding syndrome involves metabolic abnormalities when a malnourished person begins feeding, after a period of starvation or limited intake. In a starved body, there is a breakdown of fat and muscle, which leads to losses in some electrolytes like potassium, magnesium, and phosphate.

3. Why does it occur? Food deprivation changes the way your body metabolizes nutrients. For example, insulin is a hormone that breaks down glucose (sugar) from carbohydrates. When carbohydrate consumption is significantly reduced, insulin secretion slows. In the absence of carbohydrates, the body turns to stored fats and proteins as sources of energy. Over time, this change can deplete electrolyte stores. Phosphate, an electrolyte that helps your cells convert glucose into energy, is often affected. When food is reintroduced, there’s an abrupt shift from fat metabolism back to carbohydrate metabolism. This causes insulin secretion to increase.

4. Why does it occur? Cells need electrolytes like phosphate to convert glucose to energy, but phosphate is in short supply. This leads to another condition called hypophosphatemia (low phosphate). Hypophosphatemia is a common feature of refeeding syndrome. Other metabolic changes can also occur. These include: abnormal sodium and fluid levels changes in fat, glucose, or protein metabolism thiamine deficiency hypomagnesemia (low magnesium) hypokalemia (low potassium)

5. Risk Factors You might be at risk if you: have anorexia nervosa have chronic alcohol use disorder have cancer have uncontrolled diabetes are malnourished recently had surgery have a history of using antacids or diuretics

6. Risk factors You may be at risk if one or more of the following statements apply to you: You have a body mass index (BMI) under 16. You’ve lost more than 15 percent of your body weight in the past 3 to 6 months. You’ve consumed little to no food, or well below the calories needed to sustain normal processes in the body, for the past 10 or more consecutive days. A blood test has revealed your serum phosphate, potassium, or magnesium levels are low.

7. Risk Factors You may also be at risk if two or more of the following statements apply to you: You have a BMI under 18.5. You’ve lost more than 10 percent of your body weight in the past 3 to 6 months. You’ve taken in little to no food for the past 5 or more consecutive days. You have a history of alcohol use disorder or use of certain medications, such as insulin, chemotherapy drugs, diuretics, or antacids.

8. Symptoms These symptoms typically appear within 4 days of the start of the refeeding process. Symptoms of refeeding syndrome may include: fatigue weakness confusion inability to breathe high blood pressure Seizures heart arrhythmias heart failure coma death

9. Treatment A team with experience in gastroenterology and dietetics should oversee treatment. Research is still needed to determine the best way to treat refeeding syndrome. Treatment usually involves replacing essential electrolytes and slowing down the refeeding process. The repletion of calories should be slow and is typically at about 20 calories per kilogram of body weight on average, or around 1,000 calories per day initially.

10. Treatment Electrolyte levels are monitored with frequent blood tests. Intravenous (IV) infusions based on body weight are often used to replace electrolytes. But this treatment may not be suitable for people with: impaired kidney function hypocalcemia (low calcium) hypercalcemia (high calcium) In addition, fluids are reintroduced at a slower rate. Sodium (salt) replacement may also be carefully monitored. People who are at risk of heart-related complications may require heart monitoring.