Reference Writing

Citations in Vancouver, Harvard & Oxford styles

1. Dr. Ajinkya Rodge JR1 Dept Of Pharmacology TNMC Mumbai Reference Writing

2. A R eference is the detailed bibliographic description of the item from which you gained your information T his means the details of the items used , e.g. author, title, date of publication etc. References are briefly cited within the text, and then given in full at the end of the work in a R eference list Any other items read for background information but not referred to in the text  given in full at the end of work in a B ibliography Reference 1

3. Enable the reader to locate the sources used Help support the arguments and provide credibility to the work T o enable readers more fully understand the cited author’s work. Acknowledge the source of an argument or idea to avoid plagiarism Use Of References 1

4. Documentary note styles Parenthetical styles or Author-date styles Numbered styles Referencing Styles 2

5. References are provided in footnotes or endnotes. In text- cited by a numeral in superscript. This numeral is placed after the concluding punctuation, unless it refers only to part of the sentence (in that case, it is placed after the relevant word or part of sentence). The complete reference is mentioned as a footnote or endnote. Documentary note styles 2

6. Style Manuals : The Oxford Style Manual The Chicago Manual of Style The MHRA Style Guide (Modern Humanities Research Association) Documentary note styles 2

7. In-text references are given within parentheses before the full stop of the sentence containing the reference . The author’s name and the date of publication of the document referred written in the parenthesis. 1 References are listed in alphabetical order by the author’s last name. 1 In order to find the reference details, the author’s name in the reference list is looked up. 1 Parenthetical styles/Author-date styles 2

8. Harvard APA(American Psychological Association) MLA(Modern Language Association) Parenthetical styles/Author-date styles 2

9. In-text citations with Arabic numbers within round 3 brackets or in superscript. References are numbered in the order in which they first appear in the text . The references are listed in a numbered reference list after the text . Numbered styles 2

10. Vancouver IEEE( Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) Numbered styles 2

11. Books Articles in journals Websites Newspaper Articles Reports Tables/images/appendices Video recordings Personal communications like letters, email etc Sources 4

12. Vancouver Referencing Style Harvard Referencing Style Oxford Referencing Style References using-

13. Vancouver Standard Format for Books: Author Surname Initials. Title: subtitle. Edition (if not the first). Place of publication: Publisher ; Year. 4 Goodman L , Gilman A. T he pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 12 th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2011. Books

14. Vancouver Chapter in an edited book: Author Surname Initials. Chapter Title. In: Editor(s), editor/s. Book Title. Edition (if not the first). Place of publication: Publisher; Year. 4 Gonzalez FJ, Coughtrie M, Tukey RH. Drug metabolism. In: Brunton L, Chabner B, Knollman B, editors. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 12 th ed . New York: McGraw-Hill; 2011 Books

15. Vancouver Chapter in a book: Author Surname Initials. Title: subtitle. Edition (if not the first). Place of publication: Publisher; Year . Chapter number, Chapter name; p. start page-end page. 4 Goodman L, Gilman A. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2011. Chapter 6, Drug metabolism; p. 141-162. Books

16. Harvard Standard format for books: AUTHOR(S). (Year) Title . Edition – if not the 1st. Place of publication: Publisher. 1 GOODMAN, L.and GILMAN, A.(2011) The pharmacological basis of therapeutics . 12 th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. Books

17. Harvard Chapter in a book: AUTHOR(S). (Year) Title of chapter. In: AUTHOR(S)/EDITOR(S), (eds .). Book title . Edition. Place of publication : Publisher, Pages. (use p. or pp .) 1 GONZALEZ, F. et al. (2011) Drug metabolism. In: BRUNTON, L. et al. (eds.) The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 12 th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, p.141-162. Books

18. Oxford Standard format: Author(s).,   Title:Subtitle ,   Place of publication, Publisher, Year. 5 Goodman, L. and A. Gilman, The pharmacological basis of therapeutics , New York, McGraw-Hill,2011. Books

19. Oxford Chapter in a book: Author(s), ‘Chapter Title', in  Editor(s)(ed.), Book title,   Place of publication, Publisher, Year, pp. from-to. 5 Gonzalez , F. and M. Coughtrie , R. Tukey , ‘Drug metabolism’,in : L. Brunton , B. Chabner , B. Knollman (eds.), The pharmacological basis of therapeutics, New York, McGraw-Hill, pp. 141-162 Books

20. Vancouver Journal article in print: Author Surname Initials. Title of article. Title of journal, abbreviated. Date of Publication; Volume Number(Issue Number): Page Numbers. 4 Jeong YH, Ahn JH, SmithSC . Blood-Pressure and Cholesterol Lowering in the HOPE-3 Trial . N Engl J MED. 2016 Sep 22; 375(12 ):190-194 . Articles

21. Vancouver Journal article from website with doi : Author Surname Initials. Title of article. Title of journal, abbreviated. Date of Publication; Volume Number(Issue Number): Page Numbers.doi. 4 Jeong YH, Ahn JH, SmithSC . Blood-Pressure and Cholesterol Lowering in the HOPE-3 Trial. N Engl J MED. 2016 Sep 22; 375(12):190-194 . doi : 10.1056/NEJMc1608916#SA3. Articles

22. Vancouver Journal article from website without doi : Author Surname Initials. Title of article. Title of journal, abbreviated[Internet]. Date of Publication[Cited on]; Volume Number(Issue Number): Page Numbers. Available from: URL 4 Jeong YH, Ahn JH, SmithSC . Blood-Pressure and Cholesterol Lowering in the HOPE-3 Trial. N Engl J MED[Internet]. 2016 Sep 22[Cited 2016 sep 27]; 375(12): 190-194. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27653575 Articles

23. Harvard Journal article in print: AUTHOR(S ) (Year) Title of article. Title of journal , Vol. no. (Issue), Pages, use p. or pp. 1 JEONG, Y. et al.(2016) Blood-Pressure and Cholesterol Lowering in the HOPE-3 Trial. New England Journal of Medicine , 375(12), pp. 190-194 Articles

24. Harvard Journal article from website: AUTHOR(s). ( Year). Article Title. Title of journal , Volume(Issue ), pages. Available at: URL 6 JEONG, Y. et al.(2016) Blood-Pressure and Cholesterol Lowering in the HOPE-3 Trial. New England Journal of Medicine , 375(12 ), pp. 190-194. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27653575 Articles

25. Oxford Journal article in print: Author(s), ‘Title of article',   Journal title,   vol ._, no. _ , Year, p. _. 5 Jeong , Y. et al. ‘ Blood-Pressure and Cholesterol Lowering in the HOPE-3 Trial’, New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 375, no. 12, 2016, p. 190-194. Articles

26. Oxford Journal article from website: Author(s ), ‘Title of article',  Journal title,  vol._, no. _ , Year, p. _. Available from URL, (accessed date) 5 Jeong , Y. et al. ‘Blood-Pressure and Cholesterol Lowering in the HOPE-3 Trial’, New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 375, no. 12, 2016, p. 190-194 . Available from https:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27653575 (accessed 27 September 2016) Articles

27. Vancouver Author Surname Initials (if available). Title of Website [Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher ; Date of First Publication [Date of last update; cited date]. Available from : URL 4 “Place of Publication”, the “Publisher” and the “Original Publication Date” as part of the citation- if not given, use: [place unknown], [publisher unknown] or [date unknown ]. 4 Websites

28. Contd … NCBI - National Institutes of Health[Internet]. Bethesda MD: National Centre for Biotechnology Information; [Date unknown][cited 2016 sep 27]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ Websites

29. Harvard AUTHOR(S )/Website name(Year ) Title of document [Online ] Organisation responsible (optional ). Available from : URL [Accessed date ]. 1 NCBI - National Institutes of Health( n.d. ) PubMed [Online] National Centre for Biotechnology Information. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov / [accessed 27/09/2016] Websites

30. Oxford Author, 'Title of Document',  Name of Website,  Place of Publication, Name of Publisher, year, page number, http://url, (accessed day month year ). 5 Victoria University, ‘Oxford Referencing: Internet/Websites’, Victoria University, Melbourne Australia, 2015, http ://libraryguides.vu.edu.au/oxford-referencing/internet-websites Websites