Rekha topic[1]respiratory cycle

respiratory cycle and its phases

1. RESPIRATORY CYCLE By, Miss. Rekha B. Marbate PG- I

2. CONTENTS Introduction to Respiratory cycle Muscles of Respiration Mechanism of Respiration Pressure acting at rest Pressure changes during respiration

3. What is respiration? Respiration is the process by which oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide is given out. Phases of respiration Rest Inspiration Expiration

4. ORIGIN INSERTION NERVE SUPPLY FUNCTION INSPIRATORY MUSCLE PRINCIPLE MUSCLE DIAPHRAGM LUMBAR VERTEBRAE,COSTAL MARGIN AND XIPHOID PROCESS AS A CENTRAL TENDON TO COMBINE WITH PERICARDIUN PHRENIC NERVE[ C3,C4,C5] ABOUT 75% WORK OF BREATHING INTERCOSTAL RIB 1-11 RIB2-12 INTERCOSTAL NERVE ELEVATE THE RIBS,STABILIZE CHEST WALL ACCESSORY MUSCLE STERNOCLEDO MASTOID B/L MANUBRIUM AND MEDIAL END OF CLAVICAL MASTOID PROCESS & OCCIPLE BONE CN 9,CERVIAL PLEXUS [C1,C2] ELEVATE THE FIRST RIB & STERNUM SCALENE LOER FIVE CERVICAL VERTEBRA UPPER SURFACE OF 1 ST , 2 ND RIB CERVICAL N,C6,C7,C8 FIXATION OF RIB PECTORALIS MAJOR CLAVICAL,STERNUM & SIX COSTAL CATILLAGE HUMERUS MEDIAN PECTORAL N. LIFT RIBS & CHEST ABDOMINALS EXPIRATORY MUSCLE PRINCIPLE MUS LE EXPIRATION IS DONE PASSIVELY BY RECOILING PROPORTY OF LUNG & CHEST WALL ACCESSORY MUSCLE RECTUS ABDOMINIS PUBIC BONE COSTAL CARTILAGE 7 ILIOINGUINAL DRIVE DIAPHRAGM UPWARD INTERNAL INTERCOSTAL LOWER EDGE OF EACH RIB UPPER EDGE OF EACH RIB INTERCOSTAL NERVE STABILIZE CHEST WALL

5. MECHANICAL EFFECT OF DIAPHRAGM

6. What is respiratory cycle? The respiratory cycle is a single cycle of inhalation and exhalation. The respiratory cycle or breathing cycle is a description of the changes in, Pressure Lung volume and Airflow that occurs during single cycle of respiration.

7. Mechanism of respiratory cycle

8. PRESSURE AT REST

9. PRESSURE CHANGES DURING RESPIRATION

10. Pressure at opening of airway [ Pao ] = Pressure at body surface [ Pbs ]= 0 Alveolar pressure often reffered to intrapulmonary pressure [ Pav ] Pleural pressure is usually negative during quite breathing [ Ppl ] ≈ -5 Difference between two pressure is called pressure gradient, TRANSRESPIRATORY PRESSURE GRADIENT [Pts] = difference in pressure between atmosphere and alveoli , Pts = Pav-Pbs or Pts= Pav-Pao TRANSPULMONARY PRESSURE GRADIENT [P L ] = difference between alveoli and pleural space , P L = Pav-Ppl TRANSTHORACIC PRESSURE GRADIENT = difference in pressure between pleural space and body surface Pw= Ppl-Pbs

11. SUMMARY Defination of respiration. Diaphragm is principle muscle of respiration alveolar pressure,pleural pressure and atmospheric pressure are three main component preessure ostructive and restrictive lung diseases can alters the normal pressure values ,thereby cause alteration in I:E ratio i ,e 1:1.

12. REFERENCES Essentials of Medical Physiology by K. sembulingam , P. Sembulingam sixth edition, pg,682,700 Textbook pf Medical Physiology eleventh edition by Guyton And Hall, pg 471, Egans Fundamentals of Respiratory Care eight edition by Robert L. wilkins , James K Stoller pg,164,208,217,

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