Relationship between health and human development

Relationship between health and human development

1. The relationship between health and development Health economics module Vignesh L Junior resident CCM, AIIMS Delhi

2. Contents Relationship between development and health Human development – definition and history Relationship between wealth and development Role of “influences” other than wealth on development Summary of the relationship Social determinants of health MDGs & SDGs on Health Measuring development – HDI

3. How is health related to development and vice versa?

4. Human development Mahbub ul Haq  (1934-1998) Founder of the Human Development Report & Prof. Amartya Sen   Professor of Economics, Harvard University Nobel Laureate in Economics, 1998 Human development Economic development ≠ Development "Wealth is evidently not the good we are seeking, for it is merely useful for something else“ Aristotle

5. Human development An approach that is focused on people and their opportunities and choices United Nations Development Programme – 1990, Human Development report defined Human Development as "the process of enlarging people's choices," said choices allowing them to " lead a long and healthy life , to be educated, to enjoy a decent standard of living," as well as "political freedom, other guaranteed human rights and various ingredients of self-respect."

6. Human Development “People are the real wealth of a nation.” – Opening statement in the first Human Development Report (1990) Human Development People Choices Opportunities Capability approach

7. Wealth and development Usefulness of Wealth Substantive freedoms it helps us to achieve, including the freedom to live long and to live well N on exclusive & non uniform relation Presence of other influences on our lives other than wealth

8. Nature of relationship between economic prosperity and good health

9. Interpretations Income is a positive influence but not an exclusive one Other influences: Medical facilities/coverage Public health care Educational arrangements Violence Law and order Social and economic arrangements

10. How is health related to development and vice versa? Enhancement of health is a constitutive part of development Wealth’s influence on development is weakened by “other influences” (social and economic arrangements). Good public health system and health coverage are few of such “influences” to development. Good health and economic prosperity go hand in hand Even when economy is poor, health improvements can be achieved using the available resources in a socially productive way Participatory politics & informed public discussion in pressing for changes that can protect our lives and liberties

11. History of social perspective to health Rudolf Virchow - “ Medicine is a social science and politics is nothing else but medicine on a large scale” WHO 1948; Health as "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.“ Declaration of Alma-Ata 1978; “….the attainment of the highest possible level of health is a most important world-wide social goal whose realization requires the action of many other social and economic sectors in addition to the health sector.” “…..protection of the health of the people is essential to sustained economic and social development and contributes to a better quality of life and to world peace..” Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH) report 2008

12. Social determinants of Health Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH) report 2008 The complex circumstances in which individuals are that impacts health “these circumstances are shaped by the distribution of money, power, and resources at global, national and local levels.”  

13. Policy implications of Csdoh

14. MDG s and Health Millennium Declaration 189 countries 3/8 directly related to health Progress – Under-5, infant mortality, poverty, HIV, Malaria & Tb deaths Needs – Maternal mortality and U-5 deaths not satisfactory Lesson from MDGs: Economic benefits of good health nor direct financial consequence of illness were not captured

15. SDG s and Health Address the unfinished agenda of MDGs and address new areas Both developing and developed countries Health in SDGs:1 goal, 13 broad targets and 16 goals

16. Measuring development: Human Development Index (HDI) Assess development and not only economic growth of a country A summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable, and have a decent standard of living Geometric mean of normalized indices for each of the three dimensions

17. HDI India’s HDI – 0.64 (2018) Rank – 130 / 189 countries

18. thank you.. Summary: Human development ≠ Economic development Leading an healthy life is a constitutive part (goal/purpose) of human development Good public health system and health coverage have “influences” on development Health is one of the important measure of human development in addition to education, income, living conditions