relative-clauses-presentacion power point

RELATIVE CLAUSES

1. Use relative clauses Use relative pronouns to introduce relative clauses Faraway Fiction

2. Pronouns We can use a pronoun in the place of a noun .   Issa watched the sun . The sun warmed Issa . Issa smiled. Issa watched the sun. It warmed him . He smiled. Revision Pronouns help us avoid repeating the same noun . They help keep writing varied and flowing.

3. Relative Pronouns Relative pronouns are used differently to other pronouns . They introduce a relative clause . They relate the clause to the noun or pronoun . The camel , which was covered in sand , refused to move . It bared its teeth which were yellow and crooked . Issa , who had heard a cry , cautiously approached. He gently pulled at the bridle that the camel was wearing . Relative Pronouns who, which, where, when, whose, that

4. Relative Clauses Relative clauses can give more information about a noun or pronoun . They usually begin with a relative pronoun . The child wailed. Relative Pronouns who, which, where, when, whose, that Tell me more about the child . The child, who was wrapped in finest, softest cotton , wailed . The child, who had huge black pearls for eyes , wailed . The child, who had been hidden inside the woven basket , wailed.

5. Relative Clauses Relative clauses can give more information about a noun or pronoun . They usually begin with a relative pronoun . Mariama knew the desert . Tell me more about the desert . Mariama knew the desert which was vast and beautiful . Mariama knew the desert where many travellers needed guiding . Mariama knew the desert that became her home . Relative Pronouns who, which, where, when, whose, that

6. Spotting Relative Clauses Read the sentences below. Can you spot the relative clause in each? The travellers, who needed a guide, were always sent to Issa. Issa, who loved the desert, was never lost in it. The camel, which was carrying Mariama, protected her from the storm. Mariama wore a pendant that was the shape of half a star. Mariama grew up in the desert where she was found. ANSWERS Identify the relative pronouns . Hint: They introduce the relative clause.

7. Spotting Relative Clauses Read the sentences below. Can you spot the relative clause in each? The travellers, who needed a guide, were always sent to Issa. Issa, who loved the desert, was never lost in it. The camel, which was carrying Mariama, protected her from the storm. Mariama wore a pendant that was the shape of half a star. Mariama grew up in the desert where she was found. ANSWERS Identify the relative pronouns . Hint: They introduce the relative clause.

8. Adding Relative Clauses Can you add a relative clause to these sentences? The camel, which_________________ , lurched along. The men, who________________ , came to the house. The tea, which______________ , was given to the guests. Scarface gave Issa pearls that______________________ . Issa agreed to help the travellers whose______________ .

9. Punctuating Relative Clauses When the relative clause comes after the main clause , we do not usually separate the clauses with a comma. Jin-Jin wriggled his nose which was sniffing the dawn air . main clause relative clause A comma would create an unnecessary break in the sentence. Mariama spotted tracks where the travellers had walked . Issa taught Mariama who was keen to learn everything .

10. Punctuating Embedded Relative Clauses Sometimes the relative clause is embedded in the main clause . Issa cared for Mariama as his own. main clause Tell me more about Issa . The relative clause needs to be next to the noun : Issa .

11. Punctuating Embedded Relative Clauses Sometimes the relative clause is embedded in the main clause . Issa , who was the best guide in the land, cared for Mariama as his own. main clause Tell me more about Issa . The main clause splits to make space... main clause

12. Sometimes the relative clause is embedded in the main clause . Issa , who was the best guide in the land, cared for Mariama as his own. The main clause splits to make space... for the relative clause . Tell me more about Issa . Punctuating Embedded Relative Clauses main clause main clause Commas separate the clauses because the relative clause breaks up the main clause .

13. Punctuating Relative Clauses Where are the relative clauses? Which need to be punctuated with commas? Mariama climbed the steep path which was just a crack in the rock. The mountain peaks which were grooved like ancient teeth touched the clouds. Mariama who had never seen anything so beautiful cried aloud. She spotted a little twist of smoke that drifted up from the valley. Issa who was waiting for her asked what she had seen. ANSWERS , , , , , , Commas are used when the relative clause is embedded .

14. Relative Clauses Relative clauses can also relate to a whole sentence or clause . Issa’s sight was failing. Issa’s sight was failing, which worried Mariama . This is a sentence . It is not the sight which worried Mariama. It is the failing of the sight . The relative clause relates to the whole sentence.