Renaissance vs. medieval art lesson ppt

1. How did
Renaissance Art
And Architecture
Differ from the
Medieval Period?
Do Now: Study the picture above then answer the questions
on your handout

3. 1. Realism & Expression1. Realism & Expression
rExpulsion from the GardenExpulsion from the Garden
hMasaccioMasaccio
h14271427
hFirst nudes sinceFirst nudes since
classical times.classical times.
SAINT DEMETRIUS
OF SALONICA.
High Middle Ages
End of 14th century
Before

4. Masaccio’s Masaccio’s
“Trinity”“Trinity”
The first
known painting
to apply
Brunelleschi’s
system of
linear
perspective.
Church of
Santa Maria
Novella,
Florence
Before

5. 2. Perspective2. Perspective
Perspective!Perspective!
Perspective!Perspective!
Perspective!Perspective!
Perspective!Perspective!
Perspective!Perspective!
First use First use
of linear of linear
perspective!perspective!
Perspective!Perspective!
Perspective!Perspective!
The TrinityThe Trinity
MasaccioMasaccio
14271427
What you are, What you are,
I once was; I once was;
what I am, what I am,
you will you will
become.become.

6. Progression of the Use of Perspective
1280’s 1480’s1380’s

7. Perspective!Perspective!
Betrothal Betrothal
of the of the
Virgin Virgin
RaphaelRaphael
15041504

8. 3. Classicism and Realism3. Classicism and Realism
Greco-Roman
influence.
Secularism.
Humanism.
Individualism  free
standing figures.
.Symmetry/Balance
The The “Classical Pose”“Classical Pose”
Medici “Venus” (1c)Medici “Venus” (1c)

9. Birth of VenusBirth of Venus – Botticelli, 1485 – Botticelli, 1485
An attempt to depict perfect beauty.An attempt to depict perfect beauty.

10. Examples of Humanism and Realism in Renaissance Art
Botticelli's Birth of Venus Caravaggio’s

11. Michelangelo’s
Sistine Chapel
Da Vinci’s
Vitruvian Man
Examples of Humanism and Realism in Renaissance Art

12. 4. Emphasis on Individualism4. Emphasis on Individualism
LBatista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The
Duke & Dutchess of UrbinoDuke & Dutchess of Urbino
oPiero della Francesca, 1465-1466.Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.

13. Vitruvian Man Vitruvian Man

Leonardo daLeonardo da
VinciVinci
14921492
TheThe
L’uomoL’uomo
universaleuniversale

14. 5. Geometrical Arrangement of Figures5. Geometrical Arrangement of Figures
PThe Dreyfus The Dreyfus
Madonna Madonna
with the with the
PomegranatePomegranate
PLeonardo da Leonardo da
VinciVinci
P14691469
PThe figure as The figure as
architecture!architecture!

15. Raphael’sRaphael’s Canagiani Madonna, Canagiani Madonna, 15071507

16. 6. Light & Shadowing/Softening Edges6. Light & Shadowing/Softening Edges
ChiaroscuroChiaroscuro
SfumatoSfumato
Leonardo
da Vinci
described
sfumato
as
"without
lines or
borders,
in the
manner of
smoke or
beyond
the focus
plane."

18. Famous works by Italian
Renaissance Artists
Michelangelo
Leonardo Raphael
Donatello

19. The Renaissance “Man”The Renaissance “Man”
“Broad knowledge about many things in
different fields.
.Deep knowledge/skill in one area.
kAble to link information from
different areas/disciplines and create
new knowledge.
dThe Greek ideal of the “well-rounded
man” was at the heart of Renaissance
education.
.Artist
eSculptor
eArchitect
eScientist
eEngineer
eInventor
1452 - 15191452 - 1519

20. Leonardo da Vinci, Leonardo da Vinci,
DThe Virgin of The Virgin of
the Rocks the Rocks
DLeonardo daLeonardo da
VinciVinci
D1483-14861483-1486

21. Leonardo, the Artist:Leonardo, the Artist:
From his From his Notebook of over Notebook of over 5000 pages (1508-1519)5000 pages (1508-1519)

22. Leonardo Da Vinci
Why is Mona Lisa so famous?
Mona Lisa (La Giocande)
Oil on wood panel
Fun Fact! Notice her lack
of eyebrows! Women
during this period would
shave them off! It was
considered fashionable
to do so!

24. Mona LisaMona Lisa OROR da da
Vinci??Vinci??

25. The Last The Last
SupperSupper
Gospel Book of Bernward of
Hildesheim, c. 1016
German

26. LeonardoLeonardo da Vinci, “Last Supper” da Vinci, “Last Supper”
Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan, Italy

27. ““Last Supper” PerspectiveLast Supper” Perspective

28. horizontal
vertical
Perspective!Perspective!
The Last Supper The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498- da Vinci, 1498

29. The Last Supper The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498- da Vinci, 1498
& Geometry& Geometry

30. RefractoryRefractory
Convent of Convent of
Santa Santa
Maria delle Maria delle
GrazieGrazie
MilanMilan

31. Detail of Detail of
JesusJesus
The Last The Last
SupperSupper
Leonardo da Leonardo da
VinciVinci
14981498
DeterioratioDeterioratio
nn

32. Leonardo Da Vinci
The Last Supper
Tempera and mixed media on Plaster

33. A Da Vinci “Code”:A Da Vinci “Code”:
St. John or Mary Magdalene?St. John or Mary Magdalene?

34. Leonardo, the SculptorLeonardo, the Sculptor
?An An
Equestrian Equestrian
StatueStatue
?1516-15181516-1518

35. Leonardo, the Architect:Leonardo, the Architect:
Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook
?Study of a Study of a
central church.central church.
?14881488

36. Leonardo, the Architect:Leonardo, the Architect:
Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook
cPlan of the city of Imola, 1502.Plan of the city of Imola, 1502.

37. Leonardo, the Scientist Leonardo, the Scientist
(Biology):(Biology):
Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook
pAn example of An example of
the humanist the humanist
desire to unlock desire to unlock
the secrets of the secrets of
nature.nature.

38. Leonardo, the Scientist (Anatomy): Leonardo, the Scientist (Anatomy):
Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook

39. Leonardo, the Inventor:Leonardo, the Inventor:
Pages Pages
from his from his NotebookNotebook

40. Man Can Fly?Man Can Fly?

41. A study of siege defenses.A study of siege defenses.
Studies of water-lifting Studies of water-lifting
devices.devices.
Leonardo, the Engineer: Leonardo, the Engineer:
Pages from his Pages from his NotebookNotebook

42. Leonardo DaVinci

43. King DavidKing David
Above: Gospel Book of Philip the Fair
Right: Vivian Bible

44. David by David by DonatelloDonatello
14301430
First free-form bronze First free-form bronze
since Roman times!since Roman times!
The Liberation of The Liberation of
SculptureSculpture

45. DavidDavid
VerrocchioVerrocchio
1473 - 14751473 - 1475

46. DavidDavid
MichelangeloMichelangelo
BuonarottiBuonarotti
15041504
MarbleMarble

47. Michelangelo’s DetailMichelangelo’s Detail

48.  15c15c
16c 16c 
WhatWhat
aa
differencedifference
aa
centurycentury
makes!makes!

49. The PietaThe Pieta
MichelangeloMichelangelo
BuonarrotiBuonarroti
14991499
marblemarble
The Popes as Patrons of the The Popes as Patrons of the
ArtsArts

50. Michelangelo
The Sistine Chapel
Fresco
“The Creating of Adam”

51. The Sistine The Sistine
ChapelChapel
Michelangelo Michelangelo
BuonarrotiBuonarroti
1508 - 15121508 - 1512
Film Clip

52. Michelangelo

53. The Sistine Chapel’s CeilingThe Sistine Chapel’s Ceiling
Michelangelo BuonarrotiMichelangelo Buonarroti
1508 - 15121508 - 1512

54. The Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel
DetailsDetails
The The
Creation Creation
of the of the
HeavensHeavens

55. The Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel
DetailsDetails
Creation of ManCreation of Man

56. A Modern “Adaptation”A Modern “Adaptation”
Joe Gallo in the New York Daily News, 2004

57. The Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel
DetailsDetails
The Fall The Fall
from from
GraceGrace

58. CreationCreation

59. Michelangelo, Sistine ChapelMichelangelo, Sistine Chapel

60. Michelangelo, Sistine ChapelMichelangelo, Sistine Chapel

61. The Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel
DetailsDetails
The Last JudgmentThe Last Judgment

62. Donatello (Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi)
Donatello’s David vs. Michelangelo’s David

63. Raphel Sanzio
The School of Athens
Fresco (water color on plaster)

64. Raphael’s “School of Athens”Raphael’s “School of Athens”

65. The School of Athens The School of Athens – Raphael, 1510 -11– Raphael, 1510 -11
One point perspective.
cAll of the important Greek philosophers
and thinkers are included  all of the
great personalities of the Seven Liberal
Arts!
iA great variety of poses.
oLocated in the papal apartments library.
aRaphael worked on this commission
simultaneously as Michelangelo was doing
the Sistine Chapel.
eNo Christian themes here.

66. The School of Athens The School of Athens – Raphael, – Raphael,
1510 -111510 -11
Raphael
Da Vinci
Michelangelo

67. AristotleAristotle::
looks to thislooks to this
earth [theearth [the
here andhere and
now].now].
PlatoPlato::
looks to thelooks to the
heavens [or heavens [or
the IDEALthe IDEAL
realm].realm].
The School of Athens The School of Athens – Raphael, details– Raphael, details
Film Clip

68. Averroes
Hypatia
Pythagoras

69. Zoroaster
Ptolemy
Euclid

70. Raphael’s “School of Athens”Raphael’s “School of Athens”
Clockwise:
Plato (Leonardo),
Aristotle,
Raphael,
Michelangelo

71. Raphel Sanzio
Who’s who in the
School?
In the Center: Plato on
the Right, Aristotle
On the left!

72. Raphel Sanzio

73. Italian Renaissance Recap

74.  Linear Perspective: Distant objects smaller than
those close to the viewer. Making scenes appear 3-
Dimensional.
 Revival of classical themes
 Realistic: Emotion
 More secular than
the religious Medieval
period
 Focus on
Humanism: Human

achievement and form
Aspects of Italian Renaissance Art

75. The Renaissance
moves North!
About 100 years after the
Renaissance began it Italy,
It moved north to Flanders
(Northern Belgium).
 Took longer to recover
from the economic devastation
brought on by the black plague.
 100 years war in
France/England Remember me?

76.  Contained great detail
 More landscape and nature paintings -
usually darker and colder
 Oil painting on Canvas – allowed for
vivid color
 Paintings are less secular. More religious
questioning.
 More scenes of daily life.
Characteristics of Northern
Renaissance Art

77. Jan Van Eyck - Flanders
The Wedding of
Arnolfini
Oil on canvas

78. Jan Van Eyck - Flanders
Madonna Del Rolin
Oil on wood

79. Albrcht Durer
Self Portrait 28
Oil on panel

80. Albrcht Durer - Germany
Rabbit
Oil on Panel

81. Hans Holbein

82. Bruegel

83. Bruegel

84. Peasant Wedding
Oil on wood

85. Medieval vs. Renaissance aRchitectuRe
Gothic (Medieval)
•Gothic architecture was very large,
“pointy”
•Flying buttresses supported large
walls
•Stained glass told stories
Renaissance
•Revival of Arch and Dome
•Qualities of Greek and Roman
architecture
•Used columns for support
Intricate design

86. Renaissance Architecture vs.
Medieval Architecture
El Tempieto
Donato Bramante
Notre Dame Cathedral

87. Il Duomo
Brunelleschi

88. Filippo BrunelleschiFilippo Brunelleschi
1377 - 14361377 - 1436
sArchitect of the DuomoArchitect of the Duomo
Cuppolo of St. MariaCuppolo of St. Maria
del Fioredel Fiore

89. Filippo BrunelleschiFilippo Brunelleschi
•Commissioned to
build the
cathedral dome.
–Used unique
architectural
concepts.
He studied the
ancient
Pantheon in
Rome.
Used ribs for
support.

90. Brunelleschi’s Brunelleschi’s
DomeDome

91. Comparing DomesComparing Domes

92. Other Famous DomesOther Famous Domes
Il Duomo St. Peter’s St. Paul’s US capital
(Florence) (Rome) (London) (Washington)

93.  Influcenced by archectiture of the classical
period (Greece, Rome)
 Use of Domes, arches, and columns.
Characteristics of Renaissance
Architecture

94. •Written in Italian (not Latin)
•Observations and commentary on
political rule and power
•Addressed the issue of effective
rule
–How to gain and maintain order
and control
–“…it is safer to be feared than to
be loved…”
–“The ends justify the means”
•Stressed the practical (pragmatic)
over the ethical or moral, more
secular and humanistic
•Political science- Politics was to be
governed by its own laws
Niccolo Machiavelli: The Prince
• Machiavelli was from Florence (1469-1527)
• Well educated in the classics
• Career was in public service and he eventually

served as the ambassador to France

95. The Courtier by Castiglione
•Written in Italian 1528
•Treatise on the training
of young men in the
courtly ideal of a
Renaissance
gentleman
•Stressed the value of
education and manners
•Influenced social mores
and norms during the
period

96. Erasmus- 1446-1536
•Dutch
•Biblical scholar and educator
•Believed that the Bible was
at the center of the Christian
faith
•Stressed Christian education
and access to the scriptures
(for everyone)
–Believed that people should be
able to read the scriptures for
themselves
•Highly critical of papal
abuses and worldliness
–The Praise of Folly

97. Sir Thomas More
•Lord Chancellor of England
during the reign of Henry VIII-
highest political office in
England
•Lawyer and scholar
•Works reflect a commitment
to the values and mandates of
Scripture and the Church
•Wrote Utopia – explored the
idea of a “perfect” society
•Eventually executed by Henry
VIII for refusing to agree to
the king and Parliament’s Act
of Supremacy

98. William Shakespeare 1564-1616
•English playwright
–English vernacular
•Many of his major works
are a expression of
Renaissance values of
honor, heroism, and the
struggle against “fate”
and fortune
•His view of man’s
capacity for evil and self-
destruction contrasted
with the Renaissance
humanistic ideal of
humanity

99. The Globe Theater in London

100. The Renaissance brought a new way
of thinking and living to Europe
A new worldview was emerging
The medieval Christian worldview
was giving way to a more
MODERN (secular and
humanistic) view of the world and
humanity

101. How did the Renaissance change thought?
Age of ReasonAge of “Faith”
“Rebirth”“Dark” Ages
Focus on learning the
“Classics” (The Iliad, Aristotle)
to inspire learning and the arts
Little focus on learning and
the arts
The Individual is importantThe Individual not important
Focus on this lifeFocus on Afterlife
AfterBefore